What does patent ductus arteriosus in newborns mean?

Oct 10, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Ma Yan

Introduction

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in newborns refers to the persistent opening of the ductus arteriosus, resulting in an abnormal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which typically causes abnormal blood flow and is classified as a type of congenital heart disease. If no abnormal symptoms are present, it is considered a small PDA, which usually requires no intervention and may close spontaneously. However, if symptoms have developed, surgical treatment may be necessary.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in newborns is a type of congenital heart disease, and this condition typically causes abnormal blood flow in the infant.

Under normal circumstances, the ductus arteriosus is an essential component of fetal circulation. After birth, with the initiation of breathing and increased arterial oxygen content, the smooth muscle in the ductus wall contracts, leading to functional closure within approximately 24 hours. Anatomical closure usually occurs around one year of age as the infant grows and develops. If the ductus arteriosus remains open, creating an abnormal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, it is termed patent ductus arteriosus in newborns. This condition commonly results in abnormal blood flow and is classified as a form of congenital heart disease, potentially causing symptoms such as fatigue, excessive sweating, and weight loss.

In cases of PDA without apparent symptoms, the ductus is usually small and may close spontaneously over time. Such cases generally do not require intervention and only need regular monitoring. However, if symptoms are present, surgical treatment may be necessary.

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Procedure for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure

In general, percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus is performed by puncturing the femoral artery or vein and delivering a closure device through a delivery sheath into the patent ductus arteriosus, which helps improve hemodynamics. This procedure requires specialized expertise, and to avoid potential harm to the body, it should be performed under the guidance of a qualified physician. Adequate rest after the procedure is recommended to facilitate recovery.

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What causes chest tightness and shortness of breath in the late stages of pregnancy?

In the late stages of pregnancy, feelings of chest tightness and shortness of breath may be caused by physiological factors or pathological factors, such as pneumonia or patent ductus arteriosus. Specifically, during late pregnancy, the uterus gradually enlarges, elevating the diaphragm and reducing thoracic capacity, thereby impairing pulmonary gas exchange and leading to symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath.

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Can I stay up late six months after patent ductus arteriosus surgery?

During the postoperative recovery period, patients should consume more nutrient-rich foods, avoid unhealthy diets high in fat and salt, maintain a regular daily routine, and ensure adequate sleep to support the recovery of heart function. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) surgery is a surgical treatment for congenital heart disease, aimed at closing the arterial duct that should have naturally closed after birth.

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What level of surgery is cardiac arterial duct closure?

Patent ductus arteriosus closure is a level 4 surgical procedure, and patients with patent ductus arteriosus should undergo surgery as early as possible. According to the ICD-9-CM-3 surgical classification system, patent ductus arteriosus closure falls under level 4 interventional vascular surgery due to relatively high surgical risks, procedural complexity, technical difficulty, and high treatment costs.

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What does it mean to have a hole in the heart?

A hole in the heart may be related to factors such as ventricular septal perforation, atrial septal defect, or ventricular septal defect. It is important to seek medical evaluation early, identify the underlying cause, and then proceed with targeted treatment. Additionally, it could be associated with conditions like patent ductus arteriosus. During the course of illness, cooperate with your doctor's treatment plan, and for those undergoing surgical treatment, ensure proper postoperative care.

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Can I stay up late six months after surgery for patent ductus arteriosus?

Generally, occasional熬夜 (staying up late) may be acceptable half a year after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) surgery, but chronic sleep deprivation or long-term熬夜 should be avoided. Patent ductus arteriosus surgery is a treatment for patent ductus arteriosus, a type of congenital heart disease primarily associated with abnormal prenatal development. During pregnancy, chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus may lead to failure of the ductus arteriosus to close properly.

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What does a grade 2 heart murmur in newborns mean?

A grade 2 heart murmur in a newborn refers to a relatively mild but easily audible murmur. It may be a physiological murmur caused by the heart and blood vessels adapting to the new environment after birth. Alternatively, it could be a pathological murmur due to congenital heart disease, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus, which cause abnormal blood flow within the heart and produce such sounds.

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Is a 4mm patent ductus arteriosus severe?

A 4 mm patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is generally considered more severe. This condition is one of the more common types of congenital heart disease in children, and normally closes spontaneously within the first year of life. A PDA measuring 4 mm in length represents a relatively large defect. Because of this 4 mm unclosed artery, blood may flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery, leading to increased blood volume in the pulmonary circulation.

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