What does hemorrhoids look like?

Hemorrhoids refer to varicose and dilated veins around the anus, causing swelling and pain in the surrounding anal tissues. Hemorrhoids can be classified into internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, and mixed hemorrhoids. Different types have distinct appearances. The details are as follows:

1. Internal hemorrhoids: These occur inside the anal canal, typically located above the anal canal. Due to their deeper position, they are usually not visible to the naked eye. During anoscopy or visual examination of the anus, a hemispherical protrusion of varying sizes can be observed at the distal rectum. Key features of internal hemorrhoids include bleeding and mucus discharge. Patients may notice bright red blood after defecation or during straining. In severe cases, internal hemorrhoids may prolapse outside the anus, although they often spontaneously retract.

2. External hemorrhoids: These develop in the skin surrounding the external anal area, typically near the anal opening. External hemorrhoids appear as raised lumps or masses on the perianal skin and are often the primary cause of pain and discomfort. These hemorrhoids may become painful due to friction or external pressure, especially causing noticeable discomfort during bowel movements.

3. Mixed hemorrhoids: This type involves the simultaneous presence of both internal and external hemorrhoids. Patients may experience symptoms of both types, including anal bleeding, perianal lumps, and pain.

In addition to differences in appearance, hemorrhoid symptoms may also include anal itching, burning sensation, swelling, and discomfort during defecation. After diagnosing hemorrhoids, doctors typically recommend appropriate treatments based on the severity and type of symptoms, which may include dietary modifications, medication, or surgical intervention.