What surgery is performed for a comminuted fracture of the knee joint?
Jan 30, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Xu Shuai
Introduction
In general, patients with comminuted knee fractures may undergo surgical procedures such as open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopic surgery, fracture fixation, bone grafting, or knee replacement surgery under the guidance of a physician. During the recovery period after surgery, excessive movement and strenuous physical activity should be avoided to prevent excessive stress on the fracture site or further injury.
Generally, patients with comminuted knee fractures may undergo surgical procedures such as open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopic surgery, fracture fixation, bone grafting, or knee replacement, performed by a physician. If discomfort occurs, prompt medical consultation is recommended. Specific details are as follows:
1. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
This is one of the most common surgical approaches. During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision through the skin to reposition the fractured bone fragments, then stabilizes the fracture site using internal fixation devices such as metal plates, screws, or pins. This surgery helps restore stability to the fracture and promotes healing.
2. Arthroscopic Surgery
Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique in which the surgeon inserts an arthroscope through small incisions to perform the operation. In cases of comminuted knee fractures, arthroscopy can be used to remove bone fragments, repair cartilage damage, and perform necessary internal fixation. This approach reduces surgical trauma and shortens recovery time.
3. Fracture Fixation Surgery
For relatively simple comminuted knee fractures, surgeons may opt for fracture fixation. This method stabilizes the fractured area using devices such as pins, wires, or external fixators to promote healing. It is typically suitable for cases with smaller bone fragments and simpler fracture patterns.
4. Bone Grafting Surgery
In complex cases of comminuted knee fractures, bone grafting may be required. This procedure involves harvesting a piece of bone from another part of the patient’s body—such as the hip or tibia—and transplanting it to the fracture site in the knee to facilitate healing and restoration.
5. Knee Replacement Surgery
In severe comminuted knee fractures where the joint is extensively damaged or cannot be repaired, the doctor may recommend knee replacement surgery. This procedure involves replacing part or all of the damaged knee joint with an artificial prosthesis to restore function and relieve pain.
After surgery, excessive activity and strenuous exercise should be avoided during the recovery period to prevent undue stress on the fracture site or further injury. It is recommended to follow the doctor's guidance for appropriate rehabilitation exercises, which help restore joint function and muscle strength.
