Causes of white patches on a child's face

Generally, the appearance of white patches on a child's face may be caused by conditions such as nevus anemicus, malnutrition, pityriasis versicolor, pityriasis alba, or vitiligo. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Nevus Anemicus

Nevus anemicus is a congenital, localized area of pigment reduction, usually distributed unilaterally or confined to one specific area, appearing at birth or shortly thereafter. The patch typically enlarges proportionally with body growth but maintains its original shape. This condition generally does not affect health or daily life and usually does not require treatment. Routine skin hygiene should be maintained, keeping the affected area clean.

2. Malnutrition

When children lack essential trace elements, vitamins, or other nutrients, it may impair normal skin metabolism and pigmentation, leading to the development of facial white patches. In such cases, symptoms like dry skin and scaling may also occur. Treatment may include calcium-iron-zinc oral solution, lysine glucosamine zinc granules, or compound vitamin B tablets, used as directed by a physician.

3. Pityriasis Versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by Malassezia species invading the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Affected areas typically present as round or oval white spots. Although commonly found on the upper chest or back, it can also appear on a child’s face and may be accompanied by mild itching. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include topical antifungal agents such as ketoconazole cream, miconazole nitrate cream, or clotrimazole cream.

4. Pityriasis Alba

Pityriasis alba may be associated with factors such as sun exposure, malnutrition, dry skin, or vitamin deficiency. It primarily manifests as round or oval pale white or light red patches on the face, sometimes accompanied by flaking. Treatments may include hydrocortisone cream, tacrolimus ointment, or pimecrolimus cream, used as prescribed by a doctor.

5. Vitiligo

Vitiligo is associated with genetic factors, autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, trace element deficiencies, trauma, excessive sun exposure, and certain photosensitizing medications. It causes white patches on the face and may be associated with symptoms such as reduced immune function. Treatment should be administered under a doctor's supervision, using medications such as calcipotriol betamethasone ointment or halometasone cream. Caution is advised when considering medication for children under one year of age.

To prevent the occurrence of white patches on a child’s face, it is important to maintain a balanced diet, ensure adequate intake of trace elements and vitamins, avoid prolonged sun exposure, protect the skin, practice good personal hygiene, and reduce the risk of skin infections.