What causes edema in pregnant women?

In general, edema in pregnant women may be caused by hormonal changes, uterine compression, anemia, hypothyroidism, or gestational hypertension. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Hormonal Changes

Fluctuations in hormone levels during pregnancy, especially increased estrogen and progesterone, cause the kidneys to retain more water and sodium ions, leading to fluid accumulation in the body and resulting in edema. Pregnant women should maintain a balanced diet and limit intake of high-sodium foods.

2. Uterine Compression

As gestational age progresses, the abdominal circumference and fetal size increase, causing the uterus to compress the inferior vena cava. This impairs venous return and subsequently leads to lower limb edema. Avoid prolonged standing or sitting; engage in light physical activities such as walking to promote blood circulation.

3. Anemia

Anemia is associated with long-term chronic infections, severe hemorrhoids bleeding, prolonged exposure to chemical substances, and folate deficiency. Anemic pregnant women experience reduced plasma osmotic pressure, which causes fluid to leak from blood vessels into surrounding tissue spaces, resulting in edema. This condition is often accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and pallor. Treatment under medical guidance may include ferrous sulfate tablets, iron dextran dispersible tablets, vitamin B12 tablets, and other medications.

4. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is related to excessive iodine intake, thyroid destruction, or autoimmune damage. If a pregnant woman's thyroid hormone secretion decreases, metabolic rate slows down, leading to edema. Symptoms commonly include fatigue and excessive sleepiness. Medications such as levothyroxine sodium tablets, thyroid tablets, and phenobarbital tablets should be used according to medical advice.

5. Gestational Hypertension

Gestational hypertension is associated with unbalanced diet, rapid weight gain during pregnancy, and pre-existing diabetes. It causes blood vessel constriction and increased vascular permeability, allowing fluids to more easily leak into surrounding tissues and trigger edema. Common accompanying symptoms include headache, blurred vision, and upper abdominal pain. Antihypertensive medications such as labetalol hydrochloride tablets, methyldopa tablets, and nifedipine tablets should be used under medical supervision.

It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet, engage in moderate exercise, ensure sufficient sleep, and avoid staying up late.