What causes abnormal fetal position, and how can it be corrected?

Under normal circumstances, abnormal fetal position may be caused by factors such as excessive or insufficient amniotic fluid, maternal abdominal wall laxity, frequent fetal movement, uterine malformation, or placenta previa. Treatment methods may include general management and medication. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Excessive or Insufficient Amniotic Fluid

When there is too much amniotic fluid, the fetus has increased space to move, making it easier to assume a free-floating position; conversely, low amniotic fluid restricts fetal movement and hinders natural fetal positioning. Both conditions may lead to abnormal fetal position. Pregnant women should undergo regular amniotic fluid assessments, adjust their diet and fluid intake according to medical advice, maintain moderate physical activity, and promote amniotic fluid circulation.

2. Maternal Abdominal Wall Laxity

A pregnant woman's physique, age, weight, and history of multiple deliveries may all contribute to abdominal wall laxity. This reduces the supportive strength of the uterus, allowing the fetus greater freedom of movement, which may result in abnormal fetal positioning. Weight gain should be properly managed during pregnancy to avoid excessive obesity.

3. Frequent Fetal Movement

Fetal temperament, developmental status, and external stimuli can all influence the frequency of fetal movement. A highly active fetus is more likely to change positions frequently, increasing the risk of abnormal presentation. Pregnant women should maintain emotional stability and avoid strenuous exercise and strong external stimuli.

4. Uterine Malformation

Congenital uterine structural abnormalities in the mother, such as bicornuate uterus or septate uterus, can interfere with the fetus’s ability to assume a normal position in the uterus, leading to abnormal fetal presentation. This condition may also be associated with symptoms such as miscarriage or preterm labor. Patients are advised to follow medical instructions for medications such as progesterone capsules, dydrogesterone tablets, and vitamin E softgel capsules to help alleviate symptoms.

5. Placenta Previa

Placenta previa may be related to abnormal placental growth. When the placenta attaches to the lower segment of the uterus or covers the internal cervical os, it obstructs the fetus from descending normally into the pelvic inlet, resulting in abnormal fetal position. It may also be accompanied by recurrent vaginal bleeding. Under medical supervision, patients may use medications such as ferrous sulfate tablets, tranexamic acid injection, and ritodrine hydrochloride injection as adjunctive treatments.

Pregnant women should maintain a balanced diet, engage in appropriate exercise, avoid strenuous physical activity, and regularly monitor fetal movements to support fetal health and promote proper fetal positioning.