What causes the formation of dental calculus?

Under normal circumstances, dental calculus may be caused by factors such as high calcium content in saliva, poor oral hygiene habits, unhealthy dietary habits, chronic periodontitis, and sialadenitis. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. High calcium content in saliva

When there is an excess of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in the saliva, they tend to deposit on the tooth surface, combining with bacteria and food debris in the mouth, gradually hardening into dental calculus. Regular oral cleaning should be performed to reduce the accumulation of food debris and bacteria in the mouth.

2. Poor oral hygiene habits

Poor oral hygiene practices—such as irregular tooth brushing or failure to use dental floss—can promote mineral deposition and accelerate the formation of dental calculus. It is important to develop good oral hygiene habits, including brushing teeth at least twice daily for no less than two minutes each time.

3. Unhealthy dietary habits

Long-term consumption of refined, soft, and sticky foods—such as cakes and candies—can easily lead to the formation of soft plaque on the tooth surface, which subsequently mineralizes into dental calculus. A balanced diet is recommended, with increased intake of fiber-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits.

4. Chronic periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis is associated with bacterial infection and abnormal immune responses. The inflammation leads to gum recession, alveolar bone resorption, and exposure of tooth root surfaces, promoting the formation of dental calculus. It may also be accompanied by symptoms such as gum bleeding and swelling. Treatment under a doctor's guidance with medications such as metronidazole tablets, amoxicillin capsules, and roxithromycin dispersible tablets is recommended.

5. Sialadenitis

Sialadenitis is usually caused by bacterial infections or duct obstruction due to stones. The inflammation affects both the volume and composition of saliva, increasing mineral deposition and contributing to dental calculus formation. Symptoms may include dry mouth and reduced salivary secretion. Patients are advised to follow medical instructions when using medications such as cefaclor capsules, ampicillin capsules, and ribavirin tablets to relieve symptoms.

To prevent the formation of dental calculus, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene, eat a balanced diet, brush teeth regularly, use dental floss, and reduce the intake of high-sugar foods.