What causes premature birth?

In general, preterm birth may be associated with advanced maternal age, excessive fatigue, multiple pregnancies, hypertension, placental abruption, and other factors. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Advanced Maternal Age

The bodies of younger pregnant women may not yet be fully mature, while older pregnant women are more likely to have health issues such as hypertension and diabetes, which may trigger preterm birth. A comprehensive health assessment before pregnancy and proper prenatal management are essential, along with timely control of chronic conditions.

2. Excessive Fatigue

Engaging in heavy physical labor or prolonged working hours during pregnancy may lead to extreme physical exhaustion, increasing the risk of preterm birth. Pregnant women should get adequate rest and avoid overexertion.

3. Multiple Pregnancy

In cases of multiple pregnancy, the uterus experiences excessive pressure, which may lead to premature cervical dilation or premature rupture of membranes, thereby triggering preterm birth. Regular prenatal check-ups are crucial for women carrying multiple fetuses, and timely obstetric interventions may be necessary when indicated.

4. Hypertension

Hypertension during pregnancy is often caused by factors such as emotional stress, poor nutrition, or rapid fetal development. It can impair maternal blood circulation, reduce placental blood flow, potentially leading to placental insufficiency and subsequent preterm birth. Symptoms commonly include headache, blurred vision, and edema. Medications such as labetalol hydrochloride tablets, methyldopa tablets, or nifedipine tablets may be used under medical supervision for treatment.

5. Placental Abruption

Poor lifestyle habits during pregnancy, such as smoking or excessive alcohol consumption, may lead to placental abruption. This condition involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall in late pregnancy, severely compromising oxygen supply to the fetus and resulting in preterm birth. It is typically accompanied by severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Once diagnosed, emergency cesarean delivery is required to save the fetus, along with necessary supportive treatments for the mother, including blood transfusion and administration of hemostatic medications.

Pregnant women should ensure a balanced intake of nutrients by consuming nutrient-rich foods such as soy products, dairy products, whole grains, and meat. Additionally, adequate supplementation of iron and calcium is important to prevent anemia and osteoporosis.