What are the common causes of pulmonary embolism?

In general, there is no such thing as a "most common cause of pulmonary embolism." Pulmonary embolism may be caused by factors such as aging, prolonged lack of physical activity, pregnancy, deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs, heart failure, and others. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Aging

With increasing age, blood vessel wall elasticity decreases and coagulation function increases. Combined with possible chronic diseases and medication use, elderly individuals are more prone to develop pulmonary embolism. It is important in daily life to maintain appropriate physical activity and avoid prolonged sitting or lying down.

2. Prolonged Lack of Physical Activity

Extended periods without exercise can lead to slow venous blood flow and blood stasis in the lower limbs, thereby increasing the risk of thrombus formation. If a clot dislodges, it may travel through the bloodstream into the pulmonary artery, causing a pulmonary embolism. Patients should regularly move their lower limbs—such as performing ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises—and may use supportive devices like compression stockings.

3. Pregnancy

During pregnancy, hormonal changes and uterine enlargement that compresses the inferior vena cava place the blood in a hypercoagulable state, increasing the risk of pulmonary embolism. Pregnant women should undergo regular prenatal checkups and engage in moderate walking.

4. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) in the Lower Limbs

Trauma or prolonged bed rest can easily trigger deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs. Once a clot detaches, it may travel via the bloodstream into the pulmonary artery, leading to pulmonary embolism, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as skin pigmentation. Treatment should be conducted under medical guidance using medications such as recombinant streptokinase for injection, low molecular weight calcium heparin injection, and warfarin sodium tablets.

5. Heart Failure

Excessive cardiac load may lead to heart failure and promote intracardiac thrombus formation. Clots in the right heart chambers, in particular, may dislodge and enter the pulmonary artery, resulting in pulmonary embolism. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Patients must follow medical advice and take medications such as digoxin tablets, losartan potassium-hydrochlorothiazide tablets, and nitroglycerin injection.

To prevent pulmonary embolism, individuals should engage in regular physical activity, avoid prolonged sitting or lying down, and pay attention to lower limb movement and circulation in daily life.