What causes polycystic ovary syndrome?

In general, polycystic ovaries refer to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS may be associated with factors such as genetics, obesity, hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance syndrome, and hyperandrogenemia. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Genetics

If there is a family history of polycystic ovary syndrome, an individual's risk of developing the condition increases. It is important to adjust lifestyle habits, maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and keep a normal body weight to improve hormonal balance.

2. Obesity

Obese women have more adipose tissue, and increased fat mass can disrupt the normal secretion and metabolism of various hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and insulin, thereby affecting ovarian function and potentially triggering polycystic ovary syndrome. It is important to control dietary intake and reduce consumption of high-calorie foods.

3. Hormonal Imbalance

Polycystic ovary syndrome may be related to abnormally elevated levels of androgens and relatively insufficient estrogen in the body. The ovaries fail to develop and ovulate normally, leading to accumulation of follicles within the ovaries—characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome—often accompanied by symptoms such as emotional instability and irritability. Patients may take medications such as estradiol valerate tablets, conjugated estrogens tablets, or dydrogesterone tablets under medical guidance.

4. Insulin Resistance Syndrome

Lack of physical activity, poor dietary habits, or certain diseases may lead to insulin resistance syndrome. Under conditions of insulin resistance, high insulin levels can stimulate the ovaries to overproduce androgens, disrupting follicular maturation and ovulation, thus contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome. Symptoms may also include obesity and increased cardiovascular risk. Patients may take medications such as metformin tablets, glimepiride tablets, or acarbose tablets under medical supervision.

5. Hyperandrogenemia

Long-term use of androgen-containing medications may lead to hyperandrogenemia, which suppresses the normal feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, causing abnormal gonadotropin secretion and subsequently impairing normal follicular development and ovulation, potentially resulting in polycystic ovary syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by symptoms such as acne and hair loss. Patients may use medications such as cyproterone acetate tablets, spironolactone tablets, or medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets under a doctor’s guidance.

In daily life, maintaining a healthy diet low in sugar and fat, along with regular physical activity, can help improve hormonal balance.