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What are the causes of male infertility?

Oct 08, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Cao Zhiqiang
Introduction
In general, male infertility may be caused by factors such as age, unhealthy lifestyle, low testosterone levels, prostatitis, or varicocele. If any discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. In daily life, modifying unhealthy habits, maintaining genital hygiene, and avoiding unhygienic sexual practices are important. When necessary, assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be considered to achieve pregnancy.

Generally, male infertility may be caused by factors such as age, unhealthy lifestyle, low testosterone levels, prostatitis, or varicocele. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Age Factors

With increasing age, men over 40 may experience a decline in both sperm quantity and quality. Age-related infertility may be addressed with assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to improve the chances of conception.

2. Unhealthy Lifestyle

Unhealthy habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity can negatively affect male fertility. It is advisable to modify these behaviors by quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy weight.

3. Low Testosterone Levels

Low testosterone levels may result from poor testicular development or medication side effects, impairing sperm production and maturation, potentially leading to male infertility. Symptoms may also include reduced libido and sexual dysfunction. Treatment under medical supervision may include medications such as testosterone undecanoate soft capsules, testosterone propionate injection, or methyltestosterone tablets.

4. Prostatitis

Prostatitis can be caused by irregular sexual activity or prolonged sitting, leading to impaired sperm production and transport, which may result in male infertility. Symptoms often include urinary irritation such as frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as levofloxacin tablets, Qianlieshutong capsules, or tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules.

5. Varicocele

Varicocele results from venous valve insufficiency or impaired venous return, causing elevated testicular temperature and disrupted blood circulation, thereby affecting sperm production and quality. Symptoms may include scrotal heaviness or pain. Daily management includes wearing snug underwear and avoiding prolonged standing. Under medical guidance, surgical intervention such as high ligation of the spermatic vein may be performed. This procedure involves ligating the dilated veins and preventing blood reflux, promoting recovery of testicular function and improving fertility.

When undergoing such surgeries, it is recommended to visit a正规 hospital and have the procedure performed under the guidance of a qualified physician to ensure safety and effectiveness. In daily life, adopting healthier habits, maintaining genital hygiene, avoiding unhygienic sexual practices, and, when necessary, utilizing assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), can help achieve pregnancy.

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