What are pulmonary nodules, and are they treatable?

In general, pulmonary nodules are a radiological diagnosis referring to focal, round, dense shadows in the lungs that vary in size, have clear or indistinct margins, and measure 3 cm or less in diameter. The treatability of a pulmonary nodule depends on its nature. If a pulmonary nodule is diagnosed as benign, it is usually easier to treat; however, if it is diagnosed as malignant, treatment may be more difficult. Individuals experiencing symptoms should seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

Benign pulmonary nodules are typically caused by non-malignant conditions such as lung inflammation, tuberculosis, fungal infections, or benign tumors. Nodules formed by these conditions tend to grow slowly, have minimal impact on surrounding tissues, and rarely metastasize. Therefore, through treatments such as anti-inflammatory therapy, anti-tuberculosis therapy, antifungal therapy, or surgical removal, the underlying cause can be effectively addressed, leading to nodule shrinkage or disappearance and ultimately achieving a cure.

Malignant pulmonary nodules, i.e., lung cancer, are highly aggressive tumors. Lung cancer cells proliferate rapidly and can spread quickly, causing severe damage to surrounding tissues in a short period. Moreover, treating lung cancer often requires a combination of approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. These treatments can significantly impact the patient's body and carry a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, malignant pulmonary nodules are generally more difficult to treat.

To prevent the development and progression of pulmonary nodules, individuals should maintain healthy lifestyle habits, avoid smoking, and minimize prolonged exposure to air pollution. Additionally, regular lung screenings are recommended to detect and manage lung abnormalities early.