How to treat blackheads most effectively
Nov 15, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
Blackheads refer to open comedones, which may be caused by improper cleansing, excessive sebum production, abnormal follicular keratinization, hormonal imbalances, or infection with Propionibacterium acnes. Treatments such as photorejuvenation, soft laser therapy, chemical peels (e.g., glycolic acid), and medication can be used under the guidance of a physician. It is recommended to visit a reputable medical facility and undergo these procedures under the supervision of a qualified doctor.
Generally speaking, blackheads refer to open comedones. There is no universally recognized most effective treatment for blackheads. Blackhead formation may be caused by inadequate cleansing, excessive sebum production, abnormal follicular keratinization, hormonal imbalances, or infection with *Propionibacterium acnes*. Treatments such as photorejuvenation, soft laser therapy, chemical peels using fruit acids, and medication can be used under the guidance of a physician. Specific analyses are as follows:
1. Inadequate Cleansing
In daily life, if facial cleansing is incomplete, residual cosmetics, dirt, and oils can clog pores. Sebum cannot be discharged properly and oxidizes upon exposure to air, forming blackheads. It's important to enhance facial hygiene by using gentle cleansers and avoiding overly oily cosmetics. Photorejuvenation can be performed under medical supervision. This procedure uses specific intense pulsed light (IPL) to penetrate deep layers of the skin, stimulating collagen and elastic fibers to restore elasticity, shrink pores, and suppress blackhead formation. The typical reference cost for photorejuvenation ranges from 2,000 to 12,000 RMB per session. Improvement is usually observed within 10–15 days after treatment, although side effects such as skin pain or edema may occur.
2. Excessive Sebum Production
Genetics, diet, and lifestyle factors may lead to overproduction of sebum. Excess oil can block pores, creating favorable conditions for blackhead development. It is recommended to adjust dietary habits by reducing intake of greasy and sugary foods and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Soft laser therapy (carbon peel laser) can be administered under medical guidance. This treatment involves applying black carbon powder to the face to absorb impurities and remove blackheads while brightening the skin. Laser light is then applied to break up the carbon particles, inhibit sebaceous gland activity, and prevent new blackheads. The typical reference cost ranges from 5,000 to 40,000 RMB per session. Results are generally noticeable within 15–30 days post-treatment, but possible side effects include allergic reactions or infections.
3. Abnormal Follicular Keratinization
Chronic sleep deprivation and skin aging may cause abnormal keratinization of hair follicles, impairing sebum excretion and accelerating blackhead formation. It is important to keep the skin moisturized and avoid over-cleansing or excessive friction. Chemical peels with fruit acids (alpha-hydroxy acids) can be performed under a doctor’s advice. This method applies a controlled concentration of fruit acid to the skin surface to promote exfoliation of dead skin cells and stimulate collagen production, helping regulate skin function, reduce sebum secretion, and eliminate blackheads. The typical reference cost ranges from 200 to 12,000 RMB per session. Relief is usually seen within 7–14 days after treatment, though side effects such as hyperpigmentation or itching may occur.
4. Hormonal Imbalance
Chronic lack of sleep, high stress levels, and irregular eating patterns may disrupt endocrine function, leading to increased androgen secretion. This stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce excess oil, which can clog pores and form blackheads. Symptoms such as menstrual irregularities or insomnia may accompany hormonal imbalances. Treatment under medical supervision may include medications such as Danshen酮 Capsules, Xiaoyao Pills, or Zhibai Dihuang Pills.
5. *Propionibacterium acnes* Infection
Incomplete skin cleansing or reduced immunity may lead to infection with *Propionibacterium acnes*. This bacterium proliferates within hair follicles, triggering inflammatory responses that result in pore blockage and blackhead formation. Symptoms may also include pustules. Under medical guidance, topical treatments such as benzoyl peroxide gel, clindamycin phosphate gel, or erythromycin ointment should be used.
If needed, it is recommended to visit a reputable medical facility and undergo these procedures under the supervision of qualified professionals to ensure both effectiveness and safety.
