What are local anesthetics?
Nov 18, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lei
Introduction
Commonly used local anesthetics include lidocaine hydrochloride injection, procaine hydrochloride injection, tetracaine hydrochloride for injection, bupivacaine hydrochloride injection, and ropivacaine hydrochloride methanesulfonate injection. When using local anesthetics, strictly follow the drug instructions and precautions. After administration, adequate rest is recommended and excessive physical exertion should be avoided to maintain the drug's effectiveness.
Generally, local anesthetics include lidocaine hydrochloride injection, procaine hydrochloride injection, tetracaine hydrochloride for injection, bupivacaine hydrochloride injection, and ropivacaine mesylate injection, among others. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Lidocaine Hydrochloride Injection
Lidocaine hydrochloride injection is a medium-acting, intermediate-duration local anesthetic with strong tissue diffusion and mucosal penetration properties. It is suitable for various local anesthesia techniques, including topical anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia, and nerve block. This medication blocks the transmission of nerve impulses and reduces pain sensitivity. Heart rate and blood pressure should be monitored during use to prevent central nervous system toxicity caused by high concentrations.
2. Procaine Hydrochloride Injection
Procaine hydrochloride injection is commonly used in dental procedures and other minor surgeries, as well as in infiltration anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. It is primarily administered via injection but can also be applied in gel or spray form directly to the skin surface to reduce tissue sensitivity to pain stimuli. The injection should be administered slowly to avoid rapid diffusion and potential toxicity. Patients must be observed for at least 5 minutes after injection to monitor for possible allergic reactions.
3. Tetracaine Hydrochloride for Injection
Tetracaine hydrochloride for injection is a potent, long-acting local anesthetic with strong mucosal penetration. It is suitable for topical anesthesia, nerve block, subarachnoid block, and epidural block, but not recommended for local infiltration anesthesia.
4. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection
Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection is widely used in various surgical procedures, such as labor delivery and pain management. It produces prolonged analgesia by inhibiting sodium ion channels. Dosage must be carefully controlled to prevent toxic accumulation. Caution is advised in elderly patients and those with impaired liver or kidney function.
5. Ropivacaine Mesylate Injection
Ropivacaine mesylate injection can be used for peripheral nerve blocks, epidural block, and subarachnoid block, effectively relieving postoperative pain. It must not be mixed with alkaline solutions. Prior to administration, patients should be evaluated for potential cardiovascular risks.
When using local anesthetics, it is essential to strictly follow the instructions and precautions provided to ensure both safety and effective anesthesia. After administration, adequate rest should be taken and excessive physical exertion avoided to maintain drug efficacy.
