How is cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmitted?
Nov 13, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ren Yi
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be transmitted through intrauterine infection, birth canal infection, breast milk transmission, sexual contact, organ transplantation, and other routes. It is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and avoid sharing personal items such as toothbrushes and towels. Practicing safe sex and using condoms correctly can help prevent cytomegalovirus infection.
Generally, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may occur through intrauterine infection, birth canal infection, breast milk transmission, sexual contact transmission, organ transplantation transmission, and other routes.
1. Intrauterine infection: When a pregnant woman contracts CMV during pregnancy, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. This type of infection usually occurs during early pregnancy when the fetal immune system has not fully developed. If the pregnant woman is experiencing her first CMV infection, the risk of fetal infection is relatively higher.
2. Birth canal infection: During delivery, as the fetus passes through the birth canal, it may become infected if the mother's birth canal contains CMV. A prolonged rupture of the amniotic membranes can also increase the chance of fetal exposure to the virus in the birth canal.
3. Breast milk transmission: CMV may be present in breast milk. After a mother's initial CMV infection, the viral load in her breast milk may be higher. Newborns can become infected by ingesting the virus while breastfeeding.
4. Sexual contact transmission: CMV can exist in genital secretions. During sexual contact, the virus present in semen or vaginal secretions can be transmitted between sexual partners. Individuals with multiple sexual partners or those engaging in unprotected sex have a higher risk of CMV infection.
5. Organ transplantation transmission: If a donor organ carries CMV and the recipient has no immunity or has weakened immunity, CMV infection may develop. Immunosuppressive therapy following transplantation further weakens the recipient's immune system, allowing the virus to replicate and spread more easily within the body.
It is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and avoid sharing personal items such as toothbrushes and towels. Practicing safe sex and using condoms correctly can help prevent cytomegalovirus infection.
