How to manage hematuria in glomerulonephritis

Generally, hematuria caused by glomerulonephritis may be triggered by improper diet, insufficient hydration, injury to glomerular capillary endothelial cells, abnormal coagulation function, or glomerulonephritis itself. The solution depends on identifying the specific cause to achieve effective treatment. Prompt medical consultation and treatment as directed by a physician are necessary. Details are as follows:

1. Improper diet: During treatment, if patients consume excessive amounts of high-salt or high-fat foods, it may lead to water and sodium retention, worsening kidney damage and causing hematuria, often accompanied by edema. Adjusting dietary habits to include low-salt and low-fat foods, while increasing intake of fruits and vegetables, can help alleviate hematuria.

2. Insufficient hydration: Inadequate water intake may lead to concentrated urine and the formation of harmful substances, resulting in hematuria and darker urine color. Increasing water consumption appropriately can help promote urine excretion and reduce the kidney's workload.

3. Injury to glomerular capillary endothelial cells: Damage to the glomerular capillary endothelial cells compromises their integrity, allowing red blood cells to pass through the damaged areas into the urine, causing hematuria, which may also be accompanied by proteinuria. Anti-inflammatory treatment with medications such as ciprofloxacin tablets, levofloxacin tablets, or cefaclor capsules may be administered under a physician's guidance.

4. Abnormal coagulation function: Abnormal coagulation may lead to microvascular thrombosis or bleeding, which can manifest as hematuria. In patients with glomerulonephritis, coagulation dysfunction may be caused by multiple factors. Besides hematuria, symptoms such as skin bruising may also appear. Treatment under medical guidance may involve medications such as Guipi Wan (tonify spleen and replenish qi), Qingkailing Granules (antibacterial and anti-inflammatory), or Zhibai Dihuang Wan (to generate body fluids and relieve dryness).

5. Glomerulonephritis: The glomerular basement membrane serves as a barrier to prevent proteins in the blood from leaking into the urine. When its permeability increases, proteins may leak into the urine, and red blood cells may also pass through the damaged basement membrane into the urine, causing hematuria, often accompanied by edema. Immunosuppressive medications such as cyclophosphamide tablets, cyclosporine capsules, or azathioprine tablets may be used under a physician's instructions.

During treatment, appropriate methods should be selected based on the patient's specific condition, and close monitoring of disease progression is necessary to adjust the treatment plan promptly.