What is the best treatment for macular hole?

Generally, macular holes may be caused by poor eye habits, aging, eye injuries, high myopia, or intraocular inflammation. Treatment options mainly include observation and rest, medication, laser therapy, and surgical therapy; specific plans should be formulated according to the patient's condition and the doctor's recommendations. If any abnormalities occur, timely medical attention is advised. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Poor eye habits: Prolonged exposure to strong direct light or excessive eye use may burn or damage the macular area, leading to the formation of a macular hole. It is recommended to adjust eye habits, avoid using eyes in strong light, pay attention to rest, and wear sunglasses when outdoors to protect the eyes.

2. Aging: With increasing age, the retina gradually atrophies and the vitreous humor becomes increasingly liquefied, causing changes in traction forces on the retinal surface, which may lead to the formation of a macular hole. If age-related macular holes are severe or accompanied by retinal detachment, surgical treatment such as vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling may be required.

3. Eye injury: Eye trauma, such as impact to the head or orbital area, or injury to the macular region during ocular surgery, may cause a macular hole. Associated symptoms may include vision loss and blurred vision. Surgical repair may be required for treatment.

4. High myopia: High myopia causes elongation of the ocular axial length, stretching the retinal tissues, and long-term traction may lead to macular tissue damage and hole formation. Patients with high myopia are advised to undergo regular ophthalmic examinations to monitor the occurrence and progression of macular holes. If a macular hole develops, laser therapy or surgical treatment may be required.

5. Uveitis: Uveitis may be caused by infection or injury; inflammatory factors may irritate the eye, leading to macular hole formation, accompanied by symptoms such as eye pain, redness, swelling, and tearing. It is recommended to use medications such as prednisolone acetate eye drops, sulfadiazine eye ointment, and levofloxacin eye drops under a doctor's guidance to reduce inflammation and promote macular tissue repair.

In daily life, maintaining a healthy lifestyle—including proper eye use, avoiding strenuous exercise, and maintaining good eye hygiene—can help reduce the risk of developing macular holes. Additionally, regular ophthalmic examinations are recommended for early detection and prompt management of eye problems.