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What Are the Causes of Multiple Small Nodules in the Lungs?

Dec 23, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Xiao Ning
Introduction
In general, multiple small pulmonary nodules may be caused by genetic factors, aging, alveolar proteinosis, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, or other reasons. Genetic variations may increase the lung's sensitivity to irritants or affect the repair and regeneration capacity of lung tissue, thereby leading to the formation of nodules. It is recommended to undergo regular medical checkups at the hospital and maintain adequate sleep.

Generally, multiple small pulmonary nodules may be caused by genetic factors, aging, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, and other factors. If you experience any discomfort, seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Variations in genes may increase the lung's sensitivity to irritants or affect the repair and regeneration capacity of lung tissue, thereby leading to nodule formation. Regular hospital check-ups and sufficient sleep are recommended to help maintain and restore immune function and organ health.

2. Aging

In elderly individuals, degenerative changes in lung tissue, such as thinning of alveolar walls and reduced elasticity, may lead to the formation of small nodules during the local tissue repair process. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as quitting smoking and avoiding air pollution, may help slow down the aging process of the lungs.

3. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of proteins within the alveoli, which disrupts the function of pulmonary surfactant and affects gas exchange in the lungs. Radiologically, it may present as diffuse or patchy small pulmonary nodules, possibly accompanied by symptoms such as dyspnea, dry cough, and fatigue. Whole-lung lavage, as directed by a physician, using saline to wash out the abnormal proteins from the lungs, may be performed.

4. Pneumoconiosis

Pneumoconiosis is typically associated with long-term exposure to dust, commonly seen in coal miners, stone processing workers, and others. These particles deposit in the lungs, forming multiple small nodules, which may lead to pneumoconiosis and may also be accompanied by symptoms such as coughing and chest pain. As directed by a physician, medications such as ambroxol hydrochloride dispersible tablets, acetylcysteine tablets, and tetrandrine tablets may be used for treatment.

5. Tuberculosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis may be caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can trigger an immune response, forming granulomatous structures. The central portion of these granulomas may undergo necrosis and calcification, forming small nodules, often accompanied by symptoms such as fever and night sweats. As directed by a physician, medications such as isoniazid tablets, rifampin tablets, and ethambutol hydrochloride tablets may be used for treatment.

In daily life, individuals should quit smoking, avoid occupational dust exposure, enhance immunity, prevent recurrent pulmonary infections, and undergo regular follow-up examinations to monitor changes in the nodules.

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