How is proctitis treated with surgery?

Surgery is required in cases of severe proctitis, when conservative treatment is ineffective, or when complications arise. Surgical methods usually include anastomosis, fistulation, rectal resection, sigmoid colostomy, and incision and drainage of abscesses. If in doubt, it is recommended to seek medical advice in advance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Anastomosis: Anastomosis refers to reconnecting the rectum to allow the smooth passage of intestinal contents. This surgical method is suitable for conditions such as intestinal stricture or perforation caused by proctitis and improves symptoms by restoring intestinal patency.

2. Fistulation: Fistulation involves connecting the intestine to another organ, allowing intestinal contents to be expelled through an alternative route. This surgical method is commonly used for patients with severe proctitis who are not suitable candidates for rectal resection, alleviating symptoms by altering the excretory pathway of the intestine.

3. Rectal Resection: Patients with severe ulcerative proctitis or those who have developed rectal cancer may choose rectal resection. This procedure removes the diseased portion of the rectum to eliminate the lesion and prevent disease progression.

4. Sigmoid Colostomy: If the rectal inflammation is severe but the patient does not wish to have the rectum removed, a sigmoid colostomy can be considered. This procedure creates a stoma in the sigmoid colon, allowing intestinal contents to pass out smoothly and thereby alleviating symptoms.

5. Incision and Drainage of Abscess: For symptoms such as anal pain and abscess caused by proctitis, incision and drainage of the abscess is generally recommended. This procedure involves cutting open the abscess and draining the pus to relieve pain and infection symptoms.

Additionally, patients should actively cooperate with the doctor's postoperative treatment and care plan to promote recovery.