Which areas of the knee joint should be treated with moxibustion?
Generally, the knee joint can be treated with moxibustion on acupoints such as the Dubi (ST35), Neixiyan (EX-LE5), Xuehai (SP10), Liangqiu (ST34), and Zusanli (ST36). Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Dubi (ST35)
Dubi is located on the lateral side of the knee joint, in the depression lateral to the patellar ligament. This acupoint is one of the key points for treating knee joint disorders. Moxibustion at this point can help improve joint mobility, reduce swelling, and relieve pain, effectively alleviating symptoms such as limited flexion and extension of the knee joint and pain.
2. Neixiyan (EX-LE5)
Neixiyan is located on the medial side of the knee joint, in the depression medial to the patellar ligament. Moxibustion on this acupoint helps improve local blood circulation in the knee joint, reduce inflammatory responses, and has a certain therapeutic effect on conditions such as arthritis, knee pain, and swelling.
3. Xuehai (SP10)
Xuehai is located on the medial side of the thigh, 2 cun above the medial end of the base of the patella, at the prominence of the medial head of the quadriceps femoris muscle. This acupoint is closely related to blood regulation. Moxibustion at Xuehai can promote blood circulation and resolve blood stasis, assisting in the treatment of pain and limited mobility in the knee joint caused by blood stasis. It also helps regulate the overall qi and blood circulation, enhancing local nutrient supply to the knee joint.
4. Liangqiu (ST34)
Liangqiu is located on the anterior aspect of the thigh, on the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the lateral end of the base of the patella, 2 cun above the base of the patella. This acupoint is the Xi-Cleft point of the stomach meridian and is particularly effective in treating acute conditions. Moxibustion on Liangqiu can relieve pain effectively in cases of acute knee sprains or pain episodes, and helps to unblock meridians and improve joint mobility.
5. Zusanli (ST36)
Zusanli is located on the lateral side of the lower leg, 3 cun below Dubi (ST35), on the line connecting Dubi and Jexi (ST41). Zusanli is an important health-preserving acupoint in the human body. Moxibustion at this point can replenish qi and blood, strengthen muscles and bones, enhance the function of tissues around the knee joint, and improve knee joint stability.
It is recommended to perform moxibustion under the guidance of a physician. Self-treatment is discouraged to avoid adverse consequences.