How are cervical cysts caused?

Jan 24, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

Under normal circumstances, cervical cysts may be caused by natural blockage of the cervical gland duct openings, hormonal changes, chronic cervicitis, endometritis, postoperative infections following intrauterine procedures, and other similar factors. When the mucus secreted by the cervical glands is naturally blocked at the gland duct openings, it cannot be discharged, leading to mucus accumulation within the gland and the formation of a cyst.

Generally, cervical cysts may be caused by natural blockage of the cervical gland ducts, hormonal changes, chronic cervicitis, endometritis, postoperative infections after intrauterine procedures, and other factors. If discomfort occurs, prompt medical attention is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Natural Blockage of the Cervical Gland Ducts

When the mucus secreted by the cervical glands becomes naturally blocked at the gland duct openings, it cannot be discharged and accumulates within the gland, forming a cyst. This is a common physiological mechanism of cervical cyst formation. It is recommended to undergo regular gynecological examinations and maintain personal hygiene while avoiding overly harsh cleansing products.

2. Hormonal Changes

Changes in hormone levels, such as elevated estrogen levels or insufficient progesterone, may stimulate the proliferation of cervical epithelial cells, leading to increased secretions that block the gland ducts and result in cyst formation. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, eating a balanced diet, and maintaining an appropriate weight can help regulate hormone levels and prevent cyst development.

3. Chronic Cervicitis

Chronic cervicitis is primarily caused by microbial infections such as bacteria or viruses. Long-term chronic inflammation can block the cervical glands, leading to cyst formation. Symptoms may also include increased vaginal discharge, odor, and contact bleeding. Anti-inflammatory medications such as Kangongyan tablets, metronidazole suppositories, and Baofukang suppositories may be used under medical guidance.

4. Endometritis

Endometritis typically results from infection of the endometrium by pathogenic microorganisms. When the inflammation spreads to the cervix, it may block the cervical gland ducts, forming cysts. Symptoms may also include lower abdominal pain, fever, and increased vaginal discharge. Medications such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, levofloxacin tablets, and Fuyankang tablets may be used under medical supervision.

5. Postoperative Infection After Intrauterine Procedures

Infections may occur after intrauterine procedures such as induced abortion or curettage if postoperative care is inadequate. This may lead to blocked cervical gland ducts and cyst formation. Symptoms may also include fever, irregular vaginal bleeding, and lower abdominal pain. Treatment options include levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, roxithromycin dispersible tablets, and cefixime dispersible tablets, used according to medical advice.

It is important to maintain good personal hygiene in daily life, regularly clean the external genital area, and avoid using overly irritating cleansing products.

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Are cervical cysts related to cervicitis?

Under normal circumstances, cervical cysts may be related to cervicitis. Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix caused by infection with pathogens or stimulation by physical or chemical factors. During the development of cervicitis, the cervical tissue exhibits inflammatory reactions such as congestion and edema. The inflammation can lead to blockage of the cervical gland ducts, preventing the smooth drainage of mucus secreted by the cervical glands.

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Is a hyperechoic cervix associated with cervical cancer?

Cervical echogenicity refers to abnormal echoes detected within the cervical canal during ultrasound examination. This abnormal echogenicity may be caused by various factors, including but not limited to benign lesions such as cervical polyps and cervical cysts, as well as malignant conditions like cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in gynecology, and as the disease progresses, symptoms such as contact bleeding and abnormal vaginal bleeding may occur.

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Is a 1.0cm cervical cyst serious?

In general, whether a 1.0 cm cervical cyst is serious needs to be determined based on the specific circumstances. If there are no accompanying symptoms, it usually is not serious; however, if other discomfort symptoms are present, it may be more serious. Change underwear frequently, and keep the external genital area clean and dry. Avoid unhygienic sexual activity to reduce the risk of cervical irritation and infection.

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Do cervical cysts recur?

Whether cervical cysts will recur mainly depends on whether the treatment is thorough and proper post-treatment care. Generally, if the treatment is complete and appropriate care is provided, recurrence is uncommon; however, regular follow-up observations are necessary after treatment. Conversely, if the treatment is incomplete or post-treatment care is improper, recurrence is more likely. For smaller cysts, observation may be recommended first, while larger cysts require timely, targeted treatment.