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What are the symptoms of syphilis and AIDS?

Feb 06, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, symptoms of syphilis include hard chancre, lymphadenopathy, syphilitic rash, periostitis, and flat moist warts; symptoms of AIDS include fever, sore throat, night sweats, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy. After Treponema pallidum invades the human body, it multiplies extensively at the site of invasion, triggering a local immune response, leading to tissue necrosis and ulcer formation.

Generally, symptoms of syphilis include hard chancre, lymphadenopathy, syphilitic rash, periostitis, and flat warts; symptoms of AIDS include fever, sore throat, night sweats, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy. The specific analysis is as follows:

I. Syphilis

1. Hard Chancre

After Treponema pallidum invades the human body, it multiplies extensively at the site of invasion, triggering a local immune response that leads to tissue necrosis and ulcer formation. The unique biological characteristics of Treponema pallidum cause the ulcer to be painless with a clean base.

2. Lymphadenopathy

Local infection triggers an immune response, causing immune cells such as lymphocytes to accumulate in the lymph nodes to eliminate Treponema pallidum, resulting in increased cellularity and enlargement of the lymph nodes.

3. Syphilitic Rash

Treponema pallidum spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream, activating the immune system and triggering an immune response that causes swelling of skin microvascular endothelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells, leading to the appearance of a syphilitic rash.

4. Periostitis

Treponema pallidum invades the periosteum, causing inflammation, leading to periosteal congestion, edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. This stimulates nerve endings, causing pain, which worsens at night due to increased pain sensitivity.

5. Flat Warts

Treponema pallidum invades mucosal tissues, causing an inflammatory response in the mucosa, leading to redness, swelling, and erosion of the mucosa. In moist areas, the spirochete grows more easily, forming flat warts with a moist surface containing a large number of Treponema pallidum.

II. AIDS

1. Fever

The HIV virus replicates extensively in the body, stimulating the immune system to release pyrogens such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, which act on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, shifting the temperature set point upward, leading to fever.

2. Sore Throat

After HIV infection, the immune system is attacked, reducing the defensive function of the pharyngeal mucosa, making it susceptible to invasion by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, causing inflammation and resulting in sore throat.

3. Night Sweats

Fever and immune system disorders lead to autonomic nervous system dysfunction, increasing sympathetic nerve excitability and excessive sweat gland secretion, resulting in abnormal sweating during sleep, stopping upon waking, and soaking clothes and bedding in severe cases.

4. Diarrhea

The HIV virus can invade intestinal mucosal lymphocytes, damaging the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. At the same time, immune system function declines, making it easy to develop secondary intestinal infections, causing diarrhea.

5. Lymphadenopathy

The continuous destruction of the immune system by the HIV virus leads to severe impairment of immune function, with a large number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes being destroyed. At the same time, the immune response to various pathogens becomes abnormal, causing reactive hyperplasia and enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Symptoms of syphilis and AIDS change as the disease progresses. Therefore, if related symptoms appear, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and undergo relevant examinations.

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