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What are the side effects of aspirin?

Mar 09, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Bai Hongmei
Introduction
The dosage forms of aspirin include tablets, capsules, etc. Its side effects include gastrointestinal bleeding, allergic reactions, tinnitus and hearing loss, coagulation disorders, liver function damage, and others. If you need to undergo surgery or other invasive procedures while taking aspirin, be sure to inform your doctor in advance that you are currently taking aspirin, so that the doctor can assess the risk of bleeding.

Generally, aspirin is available in various dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. Its side effects include gastrointestinal bleeding, allergic reactions, tinnitus and hearing loss, coagulation disorders, and liver function damage, among others. A detailed explanation is as follows:

1. Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa, weakening the protective barrier of the stomach lining and increasing the irritation of gastric acid on the mucosa, which may lead to gastric or duodenal ulcers and bleeding, manifesting as symptoms such as hematemesis and black stools.

2. Allergic Reactions

Some individuals are allergic to aspirin and may experience skin allergic reactions such as rash, itching, and urticaria. In severe cases, angioneurotic edema and anaphylactic shock may occur, leading to life-threatening situations such as difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure.

3. Tinnitus and Hearing Loss

High-dose aspirin may damage the auditory nerve, causing symptoms such as tinnitus and hearing loss, thereby affecting the patient's auditory function and interfering with normal daily life.

4. Coagulation Disorders

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, exerting an anticoagulant effect. However, excessive or long-term use may prolong clotting time, increasing the risk of bleeding—for example, minor bumps may lead to extensive bruising, or bleeding may be difficult to control during procedures such as surgery.

5. Liver Function Damage

Long-term or excessive use of aspirin may cause liver damage, leading to abnormal liver function indicators and elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In severe cases, drug-induced hepatitis may develop, presenting symptoms such as fatigue and jaundice.

During aspirin use, if surgery or any other invasive procedure is required, it is essential to inform the physician in advance about aspirin use so that the physician can assess the bleeding risk and take appropriate measures, such as discontinuing the medication beforehand or using alternative treatments, to prevent excessive bleeding during or after the procedure.

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