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What are the symptoms of cervical polyps?

Mar 12, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhang Lu
Introduction
In general, cervical os polyps refer to cervical polyps. Cervical polyps are localized benign growths resulting from hyperplasia of cervical tissue, which may be caused by chronic inflammation, cervical infection, or other factors. The main symptoms of cervical polyps include abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Due to the variety of symptoms associated with cervical polyps, patients should seek timely medical attention and undergo gynecological examination.

In general, cervical os polyps refer to cervical polyps. Cervical polyps are localized benign growths caused by hyperplasia of cervical tissue, which may be triggered by chronic inflammation, cervical infections, or other factors. The main symptoms of cervical polyps include abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, lumbosacral pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Cervical polyps are fragile and have abundant blood vessels on their surface. When irritated or traumatized, the blood vessels may rupture, causing abnormal vaginal bleeding. This may manifest as postcoital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, bleeding after gynecological examination, or postmenopausal bleeding. The amount of bleeding is usually small but may persist or recur.

2. Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Cervical polyps can stimulate cervical glands to secrete more mucus. Inflammatory reactions can also alter the characteristics of vaginal discharge, leading to increased discharge that may appear yellowish and purulent, sometimes accompanied by an odor. If the polyp surface becomes infected or necrotic, blood streaks may appear in the discharge.

3. Lumbosacral Pain

Inflammation caused by cervical polyps may spread to the pelvic cavity, irritating pelvic nerves and tissues, resulting in lumbosacral pain. This pain may become more pronounced during menstruation or after sexual intercourse due to pelvic congestion.

4. Dysmenorrhea

If cervical polyps cause cervical canal stenosis or distortion, they may obstruct the smooth outflow of menstrual blood, causing blood to accumulate in the uterus. This can lead to strong uterine contractions and result in dysmenorrhea. The pain typically intensifies as menstruation approaches.

5. Infertility

As polyps occupy part of the cervical os or cervical canal, they may interfere with sperm entry and embryo implantation, potentially affecting fertility and causing infertility. Moreover, the inflammatory secretions produced by the polyps contain large numbers of white blood cells and bacteria, which can impair sperm motility and viability, thereby reducing the likelihood of conception.

Cervical polyps can present with a variety of symptoms. Patients should seek timely medical attention for gynecological examination to confirm diagnosis and receive appropriate treatment under medical guidance.

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