What are the symptoms of early miscarriage?

Mar 21, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

The symptoms of early miscarriage may include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, lower back pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and a reduction or disappearance of pregnancy symptoms. If these symptoms occur, the pregnant woman should immediately go to the hospital for examination, allowing the doctor to make a diagnosis based on the specific situation and provide appropriate treatment recommendations. At the same time, the pregnant woman should also pay attention to physical recovery in order to prepare for a healthy pregnancy in the future.

Generally, symptoms that may indicate early miscarriage include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, backache, abnormal vaginal discharge, and a reduction or disappearance of pregnancy symptoms. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. The specific symptoms are analyzed as follows:

1. Vaginal Bleeding

Vaginal bleeding is one of the more common symptoms of early miscarriage. In early pregnancy, the embryo's implantation is not yet stable. When a miscarriage occurs, the villi separate from the decidua, causing the blood sinuses to open and bleed. The color and amount of bleeding can vary from person to person, ranging from light spotting to heavy vaginal bleeding.

2. Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain can occur due to uterine contractions attempting to expel the embryo from the body. The contraction of the uterine smooth muscle causes pain. Additionally, changes in intrauterine pressure and the embryo's stimulation of the uterus may also lead to abdominal pain. The severity of lower abdominal pain can vary; it may be a mild dull ache or a more intense cramping pain.

3. Backache

During the process of early miscarriage, uterine contractions can not only cause abdominal pain but also affect the lower back through nerve conduction, leading to a backache. The nerves of the uterus and lower back are interconnected to some extent. When the uterus contracts strongly, it stimulates related nerves, resulting in aching and discomfort in the lower back.

4. Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

During a miscarriage, some tissue may be expelled through the vagina. In early miscarriage, the discharge may appear similar to blood clots and sometimes contain white membrane-like material, which could be shed decidual tissue. If the miscarriage occurs after eight weeks of pregnancy, tissue resembling an embryo may be observed.

5. Reduction or Disappearance of Pregnancy Symptoms

Women typically experience pregnancy symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, fatigue, and drowsiness during early pregnancy. If an early miscarriage occurs, these symptoms may significantly decrease or disappear within a short period. For example, if a woman previously experienced strong nausea daily, the symptom might suddenly disappear, and breast tenderness may no longer be present.

If any of these symptoms occur, the pregnant woman should immediately go to the hospital for examination, allowing the doctor to make a diagnosis based on the specific situation and provide appropriate treatment recommendations. Additionally, the woman should also focus on physical recovery to prepare for future healthy pregnancies.

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