What is a cervical conization procedure?

Generally, cervical conization is a surgical procedure in the department of obstetrics and gynecology that involves the removal of a portion of the cervix. The detailed explanation is as follows:

Cervical conization refers to the surgical removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix, including part of the cervical tissue and endocervical canal tissue. Currently, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and cold knife conization are two commonly used methods for cervical conization. Cold knife conization is typically performed in an operating room, and the patient requires general or spinal anesthesia. The surgeon uses a scalpel to remove a cone-shaped section of the cervix, including the abnormal tissue and some surrounding healthy tissue, and then sutures the wound to control bleeding. In contrast, LEEP utilizes a high-frequency electrical wire loop that generates heat through high-frequency waves, creating steam within the cells to achieve tissue cutting and coagulation for hemostasis.

The purpose of this surgery is to obtain sufficient cervical tissue for pathological examination when abnormal findings are detected through cervical cytology or colposcopy but the extent and severity of the lesion are unclear. This helps determine the nature and severity of the lesion and whether there is invasion. Additionally, for patients diagnosed with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or other precancerous lesions, removing the abnormal tissue can serve a therapeutic purpose by preventing progression to cervical cancer.

Patients should fully understand the risks and benefits of the surgery under the guidance of their physician and make an informed decision. At the same time, patients should actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment and care to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.