What Causes Nosebleeds in Men?

Men experiencing nosebleeds may be caused by dry air, mechanical injury to the nasal mucosa, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or thrombocytopenic purpura. If bleeding occurs frequently or is difficult to stop, timely medical consultation for diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Dry air: When air humidity is insufficient, the nasal mucosa rapidly loses moisture, becoming dry and fragile. The underlying blood vessels may rupture due to lack of lubrication, causing bleeding. Using a humidifier to adjust indoor humidity can improve the dry condition and reduce nosebleeds.

2. Mechanical injury to nasal mucosa: Behaviors such as picking the nose or blowing the nose forcefully directly damage the structure of the nasal mucosa, leading to rupture of local blood vessels and bleeding. When bleeding occurs, apply pressure to both sides of the nose by pinching it with the fingers to stop the bleeding. Simultaneously, apply a cold compress to the forehead to constrict blood vessels. In most cases, the damaged mucosa can repair itself.

3. Allergic rhinitis: After exposure to allergens, the nasal immune system overreacts, releasing inflammatory mediators that cause nasal mucosal congestion, swelling, and increased vascular permeability, resulting in bleeding. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as nasal itching, frequent sneezing, and profuse watery nasal discharge. Treatment requires using mometasone furoate nasal spray as prescribed by a physician to reduce inflammation, along with oral antihistamines like loratadine tablets or cetirizine hydrochloride tablets to alleviate nasal mucosal inflammation and bleeding.

4. Nasal polyps: Long-term inflammation of the nasal mucosa causes local tissue proliferation forming polyps. The surface of the polyps contains numerous fragile blood vessels that are prone to rupture and bleeding. Symptoms often include persistent nasal congestion and reduced sense of smell. Smaller polyps can be treated with budesonide nasal spray to inhibit growth. Larger polyps or severe symptoms often require endoscopic nasal surgery for removal.

5. Thrombocytopenic purpura: Due to reduced platelet count or functional defects, coagulation function is impaired, making it difficult to stop bleeding after nasal vessel rupture. Recurrent bleeding is often accompanied by skin bruising and gum bleeding. Treatment involves taking aminopeptide tablets under a doctor's guidance to increase platelet count, using caffeic acid tablets to enhance capillary resistance, and, when necessary, receiving platelet transfusions and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injections (a corticosteroid).

In daily life, one should avoid harmful nasal irritations, maintain nasal moisture and cleanliness, focus on balanced nutrition, and engage in moderate exercise to strengthen physical health. If abnormal nasal bleeding occurs, prompt medical attention at a hospital is necessary for comprehensive evaluation and standardized treatment.