What are the types of cerebrovascular diseases?

Generally, cerebrovascular diseases include cerebral atherosclerosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical consultation at a hospital and follow standard treatment under a physician's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Cerebral Atherosclerosis

Cerebral vascular atherosclerosis may be caused by factors such as lack of physical activity, aging, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. In the early stages, patients may experience symptoms such as insomnia, headache, dizziness, and tinnitus; in the middle and later stages, symptoms may include arteriosclerotic dementia, psychiatric symptoms, choking while drinking, and clumsy limb movements. Treatment may include medications such as nifedipine tablets, warfarin sodium tablets, rosuvastatin calcium capsules, and metformin hydrochloride tablets, taken under medical advice.

2. Cerebral Embolism

Cerebral embolism is a condition caused by solid, liquid, or gaseous emboli entering the cranial cavity through the bloodstream, blocking cerebral vessels, and causing localized ischemia, necrosis, and corresponding cerebral functional impairments. Patients may experience symptoms such as hemiplegia, hemianopia, and confusion; severe cases can present with sudden coma, generalized convulsions, and cerebral edema. Treatment options may include medications such as aspirin enteric-coated tablets, clopidogrel bisulfate tablets, and rivaroxaban tablets, used under a physician's recommendation.

3. Cerebral Infarction

Cerebral infarction includes arterial infarction in the carotid artery system and the vertebrobasilar artery system. It may be triggered by conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, and abnormalities in blood glucose and lipid levels. Patients may not exhibit specific symptoms, but often show signs such as hemiplegia, aphasia, and ataxia. Treatment may involve medications such as edaravone injection, cytidine diphosphate-choline injection, and vinpocetine injection, under medical supervision. Some cerebral infarction patients may require surgical interventions, such as decompressive craniectomy or partial brain tissue resection.

4. Cerebral Hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage refers to bleeding within the brain parenchyma, commonly caused by hypertension, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, hematologic disorders, vasculitis, and venous sinus thrombosis. It frequently occurs in areas such as the basal ganglia, cerebral lobes, thalamus, and pons, and may rupture into the ventricular system. Common clinical signs include contralateral hemiplegia, sensory deficits, and hemianopia at the affected site, sometimes accompanied by homonymous gaze palsy. It is recommended to use medications such as amlodipine besylate tablets, enalapril maleate dispersible tablets, and mecobalamin tablets under medical guidance.

5. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when intracranial blood vessels rupture, causing blood to flow into the subarachnoid space. Patients often experience severe headache and vomiting, and severe cases may involve impaired consciousness. Typically, endovascular intervention under medical supervision is required. If an aneurysm is present, surgical treatment of the aneurysm and hematoma removal may be necessary.

It is recommended to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, and sufficient sleep, which can help prevent the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases.