What are the symptoms of endometriosis?
Jul 15, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhang Lu
Introduction
In general, symptoms of endometriosis may include secondary dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, infertility, pelvic masses, and pain during sexual intercourse. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly if related symptoms occur, to undergo professional examinations for an accurate diagnosis and to receive targeted treatment. In daily life, one should avoid strenuous exercise and sexual activity during menstruation to reduce the risk of pelvic infections.
Generally, symptoms of endometriosis may include secondary dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, infertility, pelvic masses, painful intercourse, and others. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention when related symptoms occur, obtain a definitive diagnosis through professional examinations, and receive targeted treatment. Detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Patients often begin experiencing lower abdominal pain 1-2 days before menstruation starts. The pain is most severe on the first day of menstruation and gradually subsides until the menstrual period ends. The pain is typically described as a dragging, distending, or cramping sensation and may radiate to the lower back, perineum, anal area, and inner thighs. As the condition progresses, the intensity of the pain worsens year by year. In some cases, even painkillers fail to provide relief, significantly affecting normal daily activities and work.
2. Menstrual Irregularities
Some patients may experience increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods. The amount of bleeding during each menstrual cycle is明显 more than before, lasting longer than 7 days. Some patients may also experience spotting or light brown discharge between menstrual cycles, which results from the impact of displaced endometrial tissue on ovarian function and normal endometrial metabolism.
3. Infertility
Displaced endometrial tissue may cause pelvic adhesions, leading to twisted or blocked fallopian tubes, thus affecting the pickup and transport of eggs. It may also interfere with ovarian ovulation function and reduce egg quality. Additionally, inflammatory factors produced by displaced endometrial tissue may alter the pelvic environment, making it unfavorable for embryo implantation.
4. Pelvic Masses
When displaced endometrial tissue grows within the ovaries, it forms cysts containing old blood. These cysts vary in size, ranging from a few centimeters to over ten centimeters. Pelvic masses may be detected during gynecological or ultrasound examinations. These masses are typically hard in texture and have limited mobility. Sudden severe lower abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting may occur if the cyst ruptures, necessitating urgent medical attention.
5. Painful Intercourse
During sexual intercourse, deep dyspareunia may occur due to penile contact with displaced lesions or stretching of the uterine ligaments. The pain often persists for several hours after intercourse. Pelvic congestion before menstruation can make the pain more pronounced, causing some patients to develop fear or resistance toward sexual activity.
In daily life, strenuous exercise and sexual activity during menstruation should be avoided to reduce the risk of pelvic infection. Maintaining a positive mindset and actively cooperating with treatment can help improve quality of life.
