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What are the causes of lower limb arterial embolism?

Jul 17, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lei
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, lower limb arterial embolism may be caused by factors such as vascular aging due to aging, prolonged sitting and lack of exercise, detachment of mural thrombi due to atrial fibrillation, lower limb atherosclerosis, acute arteritis, and others. If experiencing discomfort, prompt medical attention is recommended. In daily life, it is important to keep the lower limbs warm and avoid cold exposure; wear loose and comfortable shoes and socks to reduce pressure on the lower limb blood vessels.

Under normal circumstances, lower extremity arterial embolism may be caused by factors such as vascular aging due to increased age, prolonged sitting without sufficient exercise, mural thrombus detachment due to atrial fibrillation, lower extremity atherosclerosis, and acute arteritis. If discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Vascular aging due to increased age

With advancing age, the elasticity of blood vessel walls gradually declines, and the vascular endothelium is prone to injury. Blood flowing through these vessels may easily form clots, increasing the risk of lower extremity arterial embolism. It is important to develop good lifestyle habits, maintain regular作息 (作息 should be translated as "作息" here, which refers to maintaining a regular routine), and avoid staying up late. Diet-wise, reduce intake of high-fat, high-salt, and high-sugar foods, and consume more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains rich in dietary fiber. Engage in moderate exercises such as walking or tai chi to promote blood circulation and delay vascular aging.

2. Prolonged sitting and lack of exercise

Extended periods of sitting can slow the circulation of blood in the lower limbs, causing blood to stagnate in the lower limb vessels, which may lead to thrombus formation and result in lower extremity arterial embolism. Symptoms may include leg soreness and numbness. During work or study, it is advisable to get up and move around periodically, such as stretching or walking, to promote blood flow in the lower limbs. Schedule regular exercise time daily, such as jogging or swimming, to strengthen lower limb muscles and improve circulation.

3. Mural thrombus detachment due to atrial fibrillation

In atrial fibrillation, disordered atrial contractions can lead to the formation of mural thrombi within the atria. These thrombi may dislodge and travel through the bloodstream to the arteries of the lower limbs, causing vascular occlusion and embolism, potentially accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations and chest tightness. Anticoagulant medications such as warfarin sodium tablets, dabigatran etexilate capsules, and rivaroxaban tablets should be used under medical guidance to prevent thrombus formation and detachment. Regular electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography should be conducted to monitor atrial fibrillation and thrombus status. If necessary, surgical treatment should be performed per medical advice.

4. Lower extremity atherosclerosis

Lower extremity atherosclerosis can cause narrowing of the vascular lumen, impeding blood flow and increasing the risk of thrombosis and embolism. Symptoms often include coldness in the lower limbs and intermittent claudication. Medications such as aspirin enteric-coated tablets, clopidogrel bisulfate tablets, and atorvastatin calcium tablets should be used under medical supervision to improve vascular condition. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels should be controlled within normal ranges. Smoking should be quit and alcohol consumption limited. Regular follow-up ultrasounds of the lower limb arteries should be conducted to assess the degree of stenosis.

5. Acute arteritis

Acute arteritis can cause vascular wall inflammation and edema, leading to narrowing or even occlusion of the vascular lumen, resulting in lower extremity arterial embolism. Symptoms may include lower limb pain and fever. Medications such as prednisone tablets, methylprednisolone tablets, and aspirin enteric-coated tablets should be used under medical guidance to control inflammation. Adequate rest should be ensured during treatment, with avoidance of excessive lower limb strain. Skin should be kept clean to prevent infection. Regular follow-up of inflammatory markers and lower limb artery conditions is necessary, with treatment plans adjusted according to disease progression.

In daily life, it is important to keep the lower limbs warm and avoid cold exposure. Wear loose and comfortable shoes and socks to minimize pressure on lower limb vessels.

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