What are the causes of echogenic foci in the right ventricle?

　　Under normal circumstances, right ventricular echogenic foci may be caused by factors such as mineral deposition in myocardial cells, immature papillary muscles, endocardial cushion defects, trisomy 21 syndrome, or cytomegalovirus infection. If abnormalities are detected, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

　　1. Mineral deposition in myocardial cells

　　During the development of myocardial cells, localized deposition of minerals such as calcium and magnesium can occur, which appears as echogenic foci during ultrasound examination. This is often a transient phenomenon. No special treatment is required; regular ultrasound monitoring is sufficient, and most cases resolve gradually as the fetus develops.

　　2. Immature papillary muscles

　　The fetal papillary muscles are not yet fully developed, with densely arranged muscle fibers, which appear as echogenic foci under ultrasound. This is a normal developmental stage. Pregnant women should ensure adequate intake of nutrients such as protein and vitamins, avoid staying up late and excessive fatigue, provide a stable developmental environment for the fetus, and undergo regular prenatal checkups to monitor changes.

　　3. Endocardial cushion defect

　　Abnormal development of the endocardial cushion leads to defects, affecting the local myocardial structure, which may be accompanied by right ventricular echogenic foci and often associated with atrioventricular septal abnormalities. The severity of the defect should be determined via cardiac ultrasound, and after birth, medications such as captopril tablets, hydrochlorothiazide tablets, and digoxin tablets may be used under a doctor's guidance based on the patient's condition.

　　4. Trisomy 21 Syndrome

　　Chromosomal number abnormalities affect heart development and may present with right ventricular echogenic foci, often accompanied by abnormal facial features. Amniocentesis and other tests are required for a definitive diagnosis, and a prenatal management plan will be developed by a physician, with increased monitoring of fetal development.

　　5. Cytomegalovirus infection

　　Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection damages the myocardial tissue, causing structural changes and echogenic foci, which may be accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly. Patients need to use antiviral medications such as ganciclovir injection, foscarnet sodium and sodium chloride injection, and interferon α-2b injection under medical guidance to inhibit viral replication.

　　In daily life, pregnant women should avoid exposure to radioactive substances and chemical toxins; maintain food hygiene and avoid raw or cold foods; and maintain a pleasant mood, using activities such as walking and listening to music to relieve stress.