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What are the causes of hyperthyroidism?

Aug 21, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Hyperthyroidism usually refers to hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. Generally speaking, the main causes of hyperthyroidism include genetic factors, excessive mental stress, excessive iodine intake, toxic diffuse goiter (Graves' disease), and autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely treatment at a regular hospital. A detailed analysis is as follows:

Hyperthyroidism usually refers to hyperthyroidism. Generally speaking, the main causes of hyperthyroidism include genetic factors, excessive mental stress, excessive iodine intake, toxic diffuse goiter, and thyroid autonomous hyperfunctioning adenoma. If discomfort symptoms occur, timely visit to a regular hospital for diagnosis and treatment is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Individuals with a family history of hyperthyroidism may carry related susceptibility genes and have a higher risk of developing the condition compared to the general population. These individuals should undergo regular thyroid function check-ups, maintain a regular lifestyle, and avoid excessive fatigue.

2. Excessive Mental Stress

Remaining in negative emotional states such as tension and anxiety for prolonged periods can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function, leading to increased secretion of thyroid hormones and triggering hyperthyroidism. Learning to regulate emotions, releasing stress through activities like exercise and meditation, and seeking psychological counseling when necessary are recommended.

3. Excessive Iodine Intake

Long-term consumption of large amounts of high-iodine foods or taking iodine-containing medications can increase the raw materials for thyroid hormone synthesis, thereby causing hyperthyroidism. It is advisable to reduce intake of high-iodine foods such as kelp and nori, and follow medical guidance to adjust the dosage of iodine-containing medications.

4. Toxic Diffuse Goiter

This is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is classified as an autoimmune disease. Antibodies produced within the body stimulate the thyroid gland to over-secrete hormones. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as methimazole tablets, propylthiouracil tablets, and carbimazole tablets may be used to inhibit hormone synthesis and control the disease progression.

5. Thyroid Autonomous Hyperfunctioning Adenoma

Adenomas within the thyroid gland can autonomously secrete excessive thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism, which is mostly benign. If drug treatment proves ineffective, surgical removal of the thyroid adenoma can be performed to eliminate the lesion and improve symptoms.

In daily life, attention should be paid to maintaining a balanced diet and nutritional equilibrium, following a regular sleep schedule and avoiding staying up late, engaging in moderate exercise to enhance physical fitness, and undergoing regular thyroid function examinations for early detection and treatment.

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