How to Care for Preterm Infants with Weak Immune Function

Generally, the main nursing methods for preterm infants with weak immune function include environmental protection, infection prevention, nutritional support, skin care, and health monitoring. If preterm infants show symptoms such as abnormal body temperature, lethargy, or reduced feeding, it is recommended to seek timely consultation at the neonatal department of a reputable hospital. The detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Environmental Protection

The immune system of preterm infants is immature and susceptible to environmental influences. The living environment should be maintained at a temperature between 24-26°C and humidity between 55%-65%, avoiding sudden temperature changes. Regular window ventilation should be conducted to maintain fresh air, while avoiding direct exposure to bright light and noise disturbances, thus creating a stable and comfortable environment for the infant.

2. Infection Prevention

Due to their weak immunity, preterm infants are vulnerable to bacterial and viral infections. Before handling the infant, caregivers should thoroughly wash their hands and wear masks and sterile gloves. Items such as bottles, clothing, and diapers used by the infant should be sterilized at high temperatures. Contact with outsiders should be minimized to reduce infection risks. If family members develop symptoms such as colds or coughing, close contact with the preterm infant should be avoided.

3. Nutritional Support

Adequate nutrition can enhance the immunity of preterm infants. Breastfeeding should be prioritized, as breast milk contains immunoglobulins and other nutrients that improve the infant's resistance. If breastfeeding is not possible, specialized formula milk for preterm infants should be used, following the principle of small and frequent feedings. Milk volume should be adjusted based on the infant's weight gain to ensure sufficient nutrient intake.

4. Skin Care

Preterm infants have delicate skin with poor barrier function, making them prone to injury and infection. The infant's skin should be gently cleaned daily with warm water, especially in skin folds, and baby-specific moisturizer should be applied after cleaning to protect the skin. Diapers should be changed gently to avoid skin friction. If diaper rash occurs, zinc oxide ointment, tannic acid ointment, or erythromycin ointment may be used under a doctor's guidance, while keeping the buttocks dry.

5. Health Monitoring

Closely monitoring the health status of preterm infants allows for timely detection and intervention of abnormalities. Body temperature should be monitored daily, maintaining it between 36.5-37.5°C. The infant's mental state, feeding volume, and bowel movements should be observed and recorded, along with weight changes. Head circumference and height should be measured regularly to assess growth and development. If any abnormalities occur, prompt medical attention is necessary.

In addition, preterm infants should avoid going outdoors too early. Once their immune function gradually strengthens, they may engage in outdoor activities in areas with fresh air, as permitted by a doctor's evaluation. Vaccinations should be administered according to medical advice to enhance resistance against specific pathogens and ensure healthy growth.