What should be done for urethritis in males?

Generally, male urethritis may be caused by poor hygiene habits, prolonged urine retention, non-gonococcal urethritis, gonococcal urethritis, or urethritis complicated by urethral stricture. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and improve symptoms under a doctor's guidance through general management, medication, and other treatments. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Poor hygiene: Failure to clean the external genitalia regularly allows bacteria to grow and invade the urethra, leading to inflammation and symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency. Wash the external genital area daily with warm water, change cotton underwear frequently, wash underwear separately, and sun-dry them for disinfection to reduce bacterial growth.

2. Prolonged urine retention: Long-term holding of urine causes urine to remain in the urethra for extended periods, promoting bacterial proliferation and irritating the urethral mucosa, which can trigger inflammation. Develop regular urination habits, avoid holding urine, fully empty the bladder each time, and maintain a daily water intake of 1500–2000 milliliters to help flush the urethra through increased urination.

3. Non-gonococcal urethritis: Often caused by infections with chlamydia or mycoplasma, this condition manifests as itching in the urethra and small amounts of discharge. Patients should follow medical advice and take medications such as azithromycin capsules, doxycycline hydrochloride tablets, or levofloxacin tablets.

4. Gonococcal urethritis: Caused by infection with *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, symptoms include frequent urination, urgency, and purulent discharge from the urethral opening. Patients should follow medical instructions to use medications such as ceftriaxone sodium injection, spectinomycin hydrochloride injection, or cefixime capsules, ensuring adequate dosage and full course of treatment to prevent chronic progression.

5. Urethritis complicated by urethral stricture: Recurrent urethritis can lead to mucosal hyperplasia and adhesions in the urethra, resulting in urethral stricture and difficulty urinating. In early stages, urethral dilation procedures can be used to expand the narrowed area and improve urination.

In daily life, avoid spicy and irritating foods, quit smoking and drinking alcohol to reduce urethral irritation; avoid unhygienic sexual practices and use proper protection; maintain regular作息 (sleep patterns), exercise appropriately, enhance physical immunity, promote recovery from inflammation, and reduce the risk of urethritis recurrence.