What diseases can cause thrombocytopenia?

Under normal circumstances, the main diseases that cause thrombocytopenia include immune thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, hypersplenism, hyperthyroidism, and systemic lupus erythematosus. If abnormal platelet counts are detected, it is recommended to promptly visit a reputable hospital for evaluation and diagnosis. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Immune Thrombocytopenia

The body's immune system becomes dysregulated, producing anti-platelet antibodies that attack its own platelets, leading to excessive platelet destruction. Under medical guidance, medications such as prednisone acetate tablets, methylprednisolone tablets, and intravenous immunoglobulin can be used to modulate the immune response and reduce platelet destruction. Additionally, strenuous activities should be avoided to prevent trauma and bleeding.

2. Aplastic Anemia

Bone marrow hematopoietic failure and impaired proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells lead to reduced platelet production. Medications such as stanozolol tablets, testosterone undecanoate soft capsules, and cyclosporine soft capsules may be used under medical supervision to stimulate blood cell production. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be required to restore normal hematopoietic function.

3. Hypersplenism

Conditions such as liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension can cause splenomegaly, resulting in increased sequestration and destruction of platelets within the spleen, thereby causing thrombocytopenia. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying disease with medications such as entecavir tablets, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets, and silybin capsules under medical guidance. In cases of severe splenomegaly, laparoscopic splenectomy may be necessary to reduce platelet destruction.

4. Hyperthyroidism

Excess thyroid hormone impairs bone marrow hematopoietic function and accelerates platelet metabolism, leading to decreased platelet counts. Medications such as methimazole tablets, propylthiouracil tablets, and propranolol hydrochloride tablets can be used under medical supervision to control thyroid function and minimize hormonal effects on platelets. Adequate nutrition should also be maintained to prevent excessive physical depletion.

5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Autoimmune dysfunction leads to antibody production that attacks both platelets and bone marrow hematopoietic cells, resulting in reduced platelet production and increased destruction. Under medical guidance, drugs such as hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets, hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets, and methotrexate tablets can be used to suppress immune reactions and protect platelets. Patients should also avoid sun exposure and fatigue to reduce disease flares.

In daily life, it is important to avoid medications that may affect platelet function, such as enteric-coated aspirin tablets; prevent bumps and cuts to avoid bleeding; and undergo regular complete blood count tests to monitor platelet levels and allow timely intervention if abnormalities occur.