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What are the causes of acute leukemia?

Oct 18, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
In general, the main causes of acute leukemia include genetic factors, radiation exposure, contact with chemical substances, viral infections, and transformation from blood disorders. If symptoms such as unexplained fever, bleeding, or fatigue occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a正规 hospital. Individuals belonging to the aforementioned high-risk groups should undergo regular examinations, including complete blood count and bone marrow aspiration.

Under normal circumstances, the main causes of acute leukemia include genetic factors, radiation exposure, contact with chemical substances, viral infections, and transformation from blood disorders. If symptoms such as unexplained fever, bleeding, or fatigue occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a正规 hospital. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Some individuals have inherited genetic defects within their families, making hematopoietic cells more prone to genetic mutations that lead to abnormal cell proliferation and increase the risk of developing acute leukemia. This group has a higher incidence compared to the general population, especially those with a family history of leukemia who should be particularly vigilant.

2. Radiation Exposure

Prolonged or high-dose exposure to ionizing radiation can damage the DNA of hematopoietic cells, causing gene mutations and disrupting normal cell division, thereby triggering acute leukemia. This is commonly seen among individuals who work long-term in radiation-related occupations without adequate protection.

3. Chemical Substance Exposure

Long-term exposure to chemicals such as benzene, formaldehyde, and nitrosamines can disrupt the hematopoietic microenvironment and induce genetic mutations in hematopoietic cells, leading them to lose normal regulatory control and proliferate abnormally into leukemia cells, ultimately resulting in acute leukemia. This is frequently observed in workers constantly exposed to chemical raw materials or individuals living in polluted environments.

4. Viral Infections

After certain viruses infect the human body, viral genes may integrate into the genome of hematopoietic cells, altering normal cell proliferation patterns and causing malignant transformation, thus leading to acute leukemia. Such infections are often associated with specific epidemiological characteristics of certain regions.

5. Transformation from Blood Disorders

If some chronic blood diseases are not effectively controlled, severe genetic mutations in hematopoietic cells may gradually develop during disease progression, eventually transforming into acute leukemia—a process known as disease progression or transformation.

Individuals belonging to the above high-risk groups should undergo regular check-ups such as complete blood counts and bone marrow aspiration to enable early detection and intervention. In daily life, avoid prolonged exposure to radiation and harmful chemicals, and practice proper personal protection. Maintain a regular lifestyle to enhance immunity and reduce the risk of viral infection. Patients already diagnosed with chronic blood diseases must strictly adhere to medical advice, receive regular treatments, and monitor disease changes through periodic follow-up examinations.

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