What is the probability of entecavir causing fetal malformations?

Nov 15, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

If entecavir must be used during pregnancy due to therapeutic needs (e.g., active chronic hepatitis B), the physician will decide on the treatment plan after comprehensively evaluating the patient's condition and potential risks. Clinical observations to date have not shown a significantly higher incidence of fetal malformations compared to the general population; however, regular prenatal examinations are necessary to closely monitor fetal development and promptly identify any potential abnormalities.

Entecavir is commonly available in tablet form. Currently, there is no clear data defining the exact probability of entecavir causing fetal malformations; however, animal studies have shown that the drug has certain reproductive toxicity. Therefore, its use during pregnancy is not recommended unless absolutely necessary. If there are concerns, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider in advance. Detailed analysis is as follows:

If entecavir must be used during pregnancy due to medical necessity (e.g., active chronic hepatitis B), the physician will decide on the treatment plan after comprehensively evaluating the patient's condition and potential risks. Clinical observations to date have not shown an increased risk of fetal malformations compared to the general population; however, regular prenatal check-ups are essential to closely monitor fetal development and promptly identify any possible abnormalities.

If entecavir is not essential during pregnancy or if the condition can be managed with safer alternative medications, physicians typically recommend switching drugs or adjusting the treatment plan. Avoiding non-essential use of entecavir minimizes potential drug exposure to the fetus, reduces unnecessary health risks, and provides a safer environment for fetal development.

If a patient plans to conceive or experiences an unintended pregnancy while taking entecavir, she should immediately inform her doctor and must not discontinue or adjust the dosage on her own. The physician will develop an appropriate management plan based on individual circumstances, balancing maternal treatment needs with fetal safety, and conduct regular prenatal monitoring to ensure the health of both mother and baby.

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How to prevent fetal malformations during pregnancy

In general, preventing fetal malformations during pregnancy requires a comprehensive approach, including folic acid supplementation, regular prenatal checkups, avoiding exposure to harmful substances, managing chronic diseases, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It is important to maintain a balanced intake of various nutrients to ensure normal fetal development. Regular sleep patterns, appropriate exercise, and enhanced immunity can help reduce the risk of infections.

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What are the common types of fetal malformations?

Under normal circumstances, common fetal malformations include polydactyly (extra fingers or toes), cleft lip and palate, cardiac abnormalities, open neural tube defects, and congenital intellectual disabilities. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to harmful substances and environmental pollutants during pregnancy, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug abuse, or contact with toxic substances. These risk factors may increase the likelihood of developmental defects in the fetus.

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What are the causes of abnormal fetal position?

Abnormal fetal position may be caused by excessive fetal activity, abdominal wall relaxation, fetal malformations, placenta previa, uterine hypoplasia, or other similar factors. It is recommended to maintain a healthy lifestyle, avoid excessive weight gain, engage in appropriate exercise to strengthen the abdominal muscles, and closely monitor physical changes to promptly identify and address potential factors that may affect fetal positioning.

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What factors can cause fetal malformations?

Under normal circumstances, fetal malformations may be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, maternal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and abuse of drugs and chemical substances. Genetic factors are one of the important causes of fetal malformations. Chromosomal numerical or structural abnormalities in the parents, such as trisomy, monosomy, inversion, and translocation, can directly affect the normal development of the embryo, leading to structural or functional abnormalities in the fetus.