How to treat an eye burned by alkali

Nov 25, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Liu Wenmin

Introduction

Treatment for alkali eye burns generally includes immediate irrigation, careful removal of residual substances, cautious use of neutralizing agents, prompt hospitalization, and strict prevention of infection. After an alkali burn, immediately flush the eye with large amounts of running water continuously for at least 15 to 30 minutes. During irrigation, rotate the eyeball and retract the eyelids to ensure thorough contact between the water and all areas inside the eye, thereby diluting the alkaline substance.

After an eye has been burned by an alkali, immediate management generally includes prompt irrigation, careful removal of residual material, cautious use of neutralizing agents, seeking medical care as soon as possible, and strict prevention of infection. The details are as follows:

1. Immediate irrigation: After an alkali burn, immediately flush the eye with large amounts of running water continuously for at least 15 to 30 minutes. During irrigation, rotate the eyeball and gently lift the eyelids to ensure thorough contact between the water and all areas of the eye interior, thereby diluting the alkali and minimizing ongoing corrosion of ocular tissues.

2. Careful removal of residues: During irrigation, gently wipe away any visible solid residues inside the eye using clean, soft cotton swabs or gauze. This helps prevent further damage to sensitive tissues such as the cornea and conjunctiva. However, movements must be gentle to avoid causing secondary injury.

3. Cautious use of neutralizing agents: If conditions permit on site, after thorough irrigation, a weakly acidic solution such as boric acid may be considered for neutralization. However, concentration must be strictly controlled, and such solutions should never be applied directly to an eye that hasn't been adequately irrigated, as this could worsen tissue damage.

4. Seek prompt medical attention: Regardless of symptom severity, after initial first aid, the patient should immediately go to a hospital ophthalmology department. A professional ophthalmologist will use specialized equipment to assess the injury and provide more accurate and comprehensive treatment.

5. Strict infection prevention: Use antibiotic eye drops or ointments as prescribed, maintain good ocular hygiene, avoid rubbing the eye, and prevent bacterial invasion that could lead to infection, thus promoting wound healing.

When handling alkaline substances in daily life, proper protective measures should be taken. If an alkali eye burn occurs accidentally, remain calm, follow the steps above, and seek timely medical care. Do not self-medicate blindly or delay treatment.

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