What are the side effects after general anesthesia?

Under normal circumstances, due to the effects of drug metabolism and procedural factors, various side effects may occur after general anesthesia, including nausea and vomiting, sore throat, dizziness and drowsiness, temporary cognitive dysfunction, and allergic reactions. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Nausea and vomiting: This is the most common side effect, often caused by anesthetic drugs irritating the gastrointestinal tract, postoperative pain, or gastrointestinal dysfunction. Symptoms typically appear within 6–24 hours after surgery and may last for 1–2 days in some patients. The incidence is higher among elderly patients or those with a history of motion sickness. Symptomatic treatment with antiemetic medications can help alleviate these symptoms.

2. Sore throat: During general anesthesia, insertion of a tracheal tube may injure the mucous membrane of the throat, leading to postoperative symptoms such as throat pain, dryness, or hoarseness. Most cases are mild, require no special treatment, and resolve spontaneously within 1–3 days after surgery. Drinking more water can help relieve local discomfort.

3. Dizziness and drowsiness: It takes time for anesthetic drugs to be completely metabolized in the body. Patients often experience dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, and slowed reaction times after surgery. These symptoms usually last 1–2 days; however, in elderly patients with slower metabolism, they may persist for up to about 3 days. Ensuring adequate rest helps facilitate drug elimination.

4. Temporary cognitive dysfunction: Some patients may experience memory decline, difficulty concentrating, or disorientation after surgery, particularly noticeable in older adults. Most symptoms resolve within 1–2 weeks after surgery, although in a few cases they may last several months.

5. Allergic reactions: A small number of patients may be allergic to components of anesthetic agents, resulting in mild reactions such as rash or skin itching. In severe cases, symptoms may include hypotension or difficulty breathing. Patients should inform medical staff of any allergy history before surgery. Prompt administration of antiallergic medications upon onset of symptoms can effectively control the condition.

Most side effects of general anesthesia are temporary, and healthcare providers will implement targeted interventions postoperatively. Patients and their families should cooperate in monitoring physical changes. Adequate rest and a light diet after surgery can promote rapid recovery and reduce the risk of prolonged side effects.