What are the emergency management methods for anaphylactic shock?
Nov 25, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
In general, anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening acute allergic reaction requiring immediate emergency treatment. Key management steps include calling for emergency medical help without delay, administering epinephrine, maintaining airway patency, removing the allergen source, and closely monitoring the patient's condition. Individuals with a known history of allergies should carry emergency medications and an allergy identification card at all times, and avoid exposure to known allergens.
Generally, anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening acute allergic reaction that requires immediate emergency management. Key measures include calling for emergency help without delay, administering epinephrine, maintaining airway patency, removing the allergen source, and closely monitoring the patient's condition. The details are as follows:
1. Call for emergency help immediately: When signs such as confusion, pallor, or difficulty breathing are observed in a patient, call 120 right away. Clearly describe the patient’s symptoms, location, and suspected allergen. At the same time, ask bystanders for assistance to ensure emergency responders can locate the patient quickly.
2. Administer epinephrine: If the patient carries an epinephrine auto-injector, inject it into the outer thigh muscle immediately according to the instructions. If no auto-injector is available, under remote guidance from medical personnel, administer 0.3–0.5 mL of 1:1000 epinephrine intramuscularly. The dose may be repeated after 15 minutes if symptoms have not improved.
3. Maintain airway patency: Lay the patient flat on their back, turn their head to one side, lift the chin to open the airway, and remove any foreign material or vomit from the mouth to prevent choking. If the patient has no breathing or pulse, begin chest compressions and rescue breaths immediately. Perform compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute, giving 2 rescue breaths after every 30 compressions.
4. Remove the allergen source: Quickly identify and eliminate exposure to the allergen. Discontinue any suspected medication immediately in cases of drug allergy. For food allergies, clear any remaining food from the mouth. In cases of insect stings or contact allergies, wash the affected area thoroughly with water and ensure the patient avoids further contact with the triggering substance.
5. Closely monitor the patient's condition: Continuously observe the patient’s level of consciousness, breathing, pulse, and skin color. Record the time of the allergic reaction, the suspected trigger, and all interventions taken, providing accurate information for subsequent medical treatment.
Individuals with a known history of allergies should always carry emergency medication and an allergy identification card, and avoid exposure to known allergens. During emergency management, remain calm and act swiftly and correctly to maximize the patient’s chance of recovery.
