What are the clinical manifestations of postnasal drip syndrome?

In general, postnasal drip syndrome is a condition caused by nasal secretions flowing backward and irritating the pharynx. Its main clinical manifestations include a sensation of mucus dripping down the back of the nose, chronic cough, throat discomfort, nasal symptoms, and voice changes. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Sensation of postnasal mucus drainage: Patients often feel a continuous flow of mucus from the back of the nasal cavity dripping down into the throat, adhering to the pharyngeal wall. This causes discomfort that requires frequent throat clearing for relief. The sensation is typically more pronounced upon waking or with changes in body position. Some individuals may unconsciously perform sniffing movements in an attempt to draw the mucus back into the nasal cavity.

2. Chronic cough: This is the most common accompanying symptom, usually presenting as an irritative dry cough, though small amounts of white, sticky sputum may sometimes be produced. The cough results from stimulation of cough receptors in the throat by accumulated mucus. It tends to worsen at night when lying flat due to increased mucus drainage, potentially disrupting sleep. Symptoms may also intensify upon exposure to cold air or dust.

3. Throat discomfort: Persistent mucus irritation leads to sensations of a foreign body, itching, or mild soreness in the throat, which may become more noticeable during swallowing. Patients often experience frequent urges to swallow due to the feeling of something stuck, but this does not relieve the discomfort. Some individuals may also feel throat dryness and notice sticky phlegm that is difficult to expel.

4. Nasal symptoms: As the primary manifestation, patients often have concurrent nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Nasal discharge may be watery or mucoid, and can become purulent if secondary infection occurs. Some people may also exhibit symptoms of rhinitis or sinusitis such as sneezing and nasal itching. Impaired nasal airflow further exacerbates the retrograde flow of secretions.

5. Voice changes: Prolonged throat irritation and mucus adherence can lead to vocal cord congestion and swelling, resulting in hoarseness and lowered voice pitch. Symptoms tend to worsen after prolonged speaking or frequent throat clearing, and although they may slightly improve with rest, they are prone to recurrence.

Postnasal drip syndrome is commonly associated with nasal conditions such as rhinitis and sinusitis. Treatment should primarily target the underlying disease. In daily life, maintaining nasal hygiene is important—nasal irrigation with normal saline is recommended. Avoid exposure to irritants such as dust and pollen, and maintain a light diet to reduce strain on the throat.