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What are the disfiguring skin diseases?

Nov 29, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
Often appears on the face, presenting as light brown or dark brown patches with irregular shapes, commonly symmetrically distributed on the cheeks, forehead, and other areas. The pigmentation may darken with sun exposure and hormonal changes, significantly affecting facial skin tone uniformity and causing noticeable cosmetic concerns. Commonly occurs in adolescents and young adults, manifesting as acne lesions such as comedones, papules, and pustules; severe cases may involve nodules and cysts.

Generally, common skin diseases that negatively affect appearance include melasma, acne, vitiligo, rosacea, and pigmented nevi. Specific details are as follows:

1. Melasma: Typically appears on the face, presenting as light brown or dark brown patches with irregular shapes. These patches are often symmetrically distributed on the cheeks and forehead. The color may darken with sun exposure or hormonal changes, significantly affecting facial skin tone uniformity and having a noticeable impact on appearance.

2. Acne: Commonly occurs in adolescents and young adults, frequently affecting the face, chest, and back. It presents as comedones, papules, pustules, and other skin lesions. In severe cases, nodules and cysts may develop. After healing, acne can leave behind scars or pits, disrupting skin smoothness and significantly affecting appearance.

3. Vitiligo: Can occur on any part of the body, characterized by white patches of varying sizes with clear borders. As the condition progresses, these patches may gradually enlarge and merge. When appearing on exposed areas, the obvious contrast in skin color can significantly impair appearance, causing psychological stress to patients.

4. Rosacea: Mainly affects the central face, especially the nose, cheeks, and forehead. It is characterized by persistent facial redness accompanied by visible blood vessel dilation. In severe cases, papules and pustules may appear, and even lead to nasal tissue overgrowth, altering the facial appearance.

5. Pigmented Nevi: While some pigmented nevi have little aesthetic impact, larger, darker ones or those located on exposed areas such as the face can disrupt overall skin aesthetics. A few nevi may carry a risk of malignant transformation if changes in shape or color occur, thus requiring timely attention.

Daily care should include proper sun protection to reduce ultraviolet radiation damage; maintaining skin cleanliness, using gentle skincare products, and avoiding excessive cleansing or frequent use of irritating products. If symptoms suggestive of cosmetically detrimental skin conditions appear, prompt medical consultation is recommended for accurate diagnosis.

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