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What are the symptoms of AIDS?

Dec 01, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
In general, AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and its common symptoms include fever and fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, mucocutaneous lesions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and infections related to weakened immunity. Symptoms of AIDS vary among individuals and early signs may be easily confused with those of the common cold. It is important to take preventive measures in daily life and avoid high-risk behaviors.

Generally, AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and its common symptoms mainly include fever and fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, skin and mucous membrane damage, gastrointestinal symptoms, and infections related to weakened immunity. The details are as follows:

1. Fever and fatigue: In the early stage of infection, fever commonly occurs with body temperature usually between 38°C and 39°C, lasting from several days to weeks. It is accompanied by significant fatigue, which worsens after physical activity and does not fully resolve with rest. Some individuals may also experience headaches and night sweats, affecting their daily mental state.

2. Swollen lymph nodes: Lymph nodes in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin are prone to swelling. The swellings are typically firm yet pliable, ranging in size from a soybean to a broad bean, without obvious tenderness. They are mobile and do not fuse together. The swelling lasts for a prolonged period—sometimes several months or longer—and may worsen as the disease progresses.

3. Skin and mucous membrane damage: Various rashes may appear on the skin, such as maculopapular rash or roseola, commonly distributed on the trunk and limbs, mostly without significant itching. Ulcers frequently develop in mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, causing noticeable pain during swallowing. Oral candidiasis may also occur, presenting as white patches.

4. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite are common. Some individuals experience persistent diarrhea with watery stools, occurring several to over ten times per day. Prolonged symptoms can lead to weight loss, progressive emaciation, and reduced nutrient absorption.

5. Infections related to weakened immunity: As the disease progresses, immune function declines, making individuals susceptible to recurrent infections such as bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis, manifesting as cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. Herpes zoster may also occur, characterized by clusters of blisters on the skin accompanied by severe pain.

Symptoms of AIDS vary among individuals and early signs are easily confused with those of the common cold. It is important to take preventive measures in daily life, avoid high-risk behaviors, and seek timely testing at正规 medical institutions if infection is suspected.

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