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What knowledge about AIDS needs to be popularized?

Dec 03, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
AIDS education should focus on key topics such as transmission routes, clinical symptoms, testing methods, treatment principles, and preventive measures. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects can effectively reduce misunderstandings and the risk of transmission. If you have engaged in high-risk behaviors or experience symptoms resembling those of HIV infection, it is recommended to seek medical testing promptly. HIV is transmitted through three main routes: sexual contact, blood, and mother-to-child transmission.

HIV/AIDS education should focus on key topics such as transmission routes, clinical symptoms, testing methods, treatment principles, and preventive measures. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects can effectively reduce misunderstandings and the risk of transmission. If you have engaged in high-risk behaviors or experience symptoms suggestive of HIV infection, it is recommended to seek medical attention and get tested promptly.

1. Transmission routes: HIV is mainly transmitted through three pathways—sexual contact, blood, and mother-to-child transmission. Casual contact such as handshakes, sharing meals, or hugging without exchange of bodily fluids does not transmit the virus. It is important to clearly distinguish between situations that can and cannot lead to transmission.

2. Clinical symptoms: After infection, there is a window period (latency phase). During the symptomatic stage, individuals may experience persistent fever, fatigue, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and other nonspecific symptoms. Diagnosis must rely on laboratory testing, as symptoms alone are not definitive.

3. Testing methods: Common tests include antibody testing and nucleic acid testing. Individuals should get tested promptly after potential exposure. A negative test result obtained after the window period generally rules out infection. Testing at inappropriate times may lead to misinterpretation of results.

4. Treatment principles: While HIV currently has no cure, standardized antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively control the disease, prolong life expectancy, and improve quality of life. Patients must adhere strictly to medical instructions, take medications consistently, and avoid stopping treatment without guidance.

5. Preventive measures: Effective prevention includes consistent and correct use of condoms, avoiding sharing of needles, and mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies. High-risk individuals can consult healthcare providers about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to enhance protection.

In daily life, it is essential to respect the rights of people living with HIV and avoid discrimination or social isolation. Promoting scientific knowledge helps reduce fear and stigma. Adopt healthy sexual practices, avoid sharing personal hygiene items, pay attention to the health needs of high-risk populations, encourage regular testing, and work together to build an effective prevention and control system.

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