What are the early symptoms of AIDS?

In general, the early stage of AIDS refers to the acute phase following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Symptoms are mostly related to inflammation caused by viral invasion and mainly include low-grade fever with night sweats, rash, lymphadenopathy, fatigue and weight loss, diarrhea, and general discomfort. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Low-grade fever and night sweats: Within 2–4 weeks after infection, a low-grade fever commonly occurs, with body temperature typically ranging between 37.5°C and 38°C. The fever lacks a clear pattern and may be normal during the day but rise at night, lasting from several days to weeks. Night sweats are prominent, often soaking clothes and waking the individual, accompanied by mild symptoms such as dry mouth and headache.

2. Rash development: Light red or dark red macular or papular rashes appear, commonly distributed on the neck, chest, back, and limbs. The lesions have indistinct borders and may be accompanied by mild itching. Rashes usually last for several days to about one week and can resolve spontaneously without specific treatment, making them easily confused with common skin conditions.

3. Lymphadenopathy: Noticeable swelling of lymph nodes occurs in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin. The nodes are typically 0.5–2 cm in diameter, firm yet elastic, mobile, and generally painless or non-tender. Enlarged lymph nodes may persist for 3–6 months and show no significant response to routine anti-inflammatory treatments.

4. Fatigue and weight loss: Marked generalized weakness is present; patients often feel exhausted even without strenuous activity, and simple daily tasks become difficult. Some individuals experience rapid weight loss within a short period—weight reduction may exceed one-tenth of their original body weight within a month—accompanied by persistent lethargy and poor mental state.

5. Diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort: Gastrointestinal dysfunction leads to persistent diarrhea, with stools typically watery or mushy, occurring several to over ten times per day. The condition shows poor response to antibiotic therapy. Some patients may experience alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea, and stools may occasionally contain mucus but rarely pus or blood.

Early symptoms of AIDS resemble those of common colds or gastroenteritis and are easily overlooked. Individuals with a history of high-risk behaviors who develop these symptoms should seek timely professional testing. Preventive measures should be consistently practiced to avoid unsafe exposures. Once diagnosed, patients must follow medical guidance for standardized treatment and maintain a healthy lifestyle.