What does it mean when alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels are elevated, and what should be done?

Generally, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels may be caused by intense physical exercise, staying up late, viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, and other factors. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a reputable hospital. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Intense Exercise

During intense physical activity, metabolism in muscles and liver cells accelerates. Some cells may become damaged and release enzymes into the bloodstream, leading to elevated enzyme levels. Discontinue high-intensity exercise, switch to mild activities such as walking, ensure adequate rest, and recheck liver function after 1–2 weeks—levels typically return to normal.

2. Staying Up Late and Fatigue

Chronic sleep deprivation or excessive fatigue prevents the liver from resting properly, causing metabolic dysfunction and increased permeability of liver cells, resulting in enzyme leakage. Maintain a regular sleep schedule with 7–8 hours of sleep per night, avoid overexertion, and eat light, easily digestible meals.

3. Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis B or C viruses invade liver cells, triggering inflammation and cell necrosis, which leads to a significant release of enzymes into the blood. Follow your doctor’s instructions when using medications such as entecavir tablets, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate tablets, or lamivudine tablets. Avoid alcohol consumption and maintain a balanced nutritional intake.

4. Fatty Liver Disease

Accumulation of fat within liver cells impairs their function and triggers inflammatory responses that elevate liver enzyme levels. Control high-fat dietary intake, engage consistently in moderate exercise like jogging, and use supplements such as silybin capsules, polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules, or ursodeoxycholic acid capsules under medical supervision.

5. Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Long-term use of antipyretic analgesics, antibiotics, or other medications can damage liver cells due to toxic drug components, resulting in enzyme release. Immediately discontinue any suspected hepatotoxic drugs. Under medical guidance, use reduced glutathione tablets, compound glycyrrhizin tablets, or tiopronin enteric-coated tablets, and consult a physician to adjust your treatment plan.

In daily life, maintain a regular routine and avoid staying up late or drinking alcohol; eat a balanced diet and reduce intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods; consult a doctor before taking any medication to prevent self-medication; and undergo regular liver function check-ups for early detection and intervention.