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What are the indicators of immunity acquired after hepatitis B virus vaccination?

Dec 03, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Huang Yuhong
Introduction
Immunity acquired after hepatitis B virus vaccination can be determined through serological testing, which generally includes the following indicators: positive hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), HBsAb titer ≥10 mIU/mL, HBsAb titer ≥100 mIU/mL, seroconversion rate of anti-HBs, and negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). A detailed analysis is as follows:

Immunity acquired after hepatitis B virus vaccination can be determined through serological testing, which generally includes the following indicators: positive hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), HBsAb titer ≥10 mIU/mL, HBsAb titer ≥100 mIU/mL, anti-HBs seroconversion rate, and negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The details are as follows:

1. Positive hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb): Hepatitis B surface antibody is a protective antibody produced by the body in response to vaccination. A positive result indicates that the immune system has responded to the vaccine and has developed basic protection against the hepatitis B virus, making it the primary marker for confirming immunity.

2. HBsAb titer ≥10 mIU/mL: This is the internationally recognized threshold for effective protection. Achieving this titer means the body can effectively neutralize invading viruses and reduce the risk of infection. When the titer falls below this level, protective immunity weakens, and a booster dose should be considered.

3. HBsAb titer ≥100 mIU/mL: This level indicates strong immune protection and is particularly recommended for high-risk groups such as healthcare workers. Reaching this titer is associated with longer-lasting antibody persistence and a significantly reduced risk of infection.

4. Anti-HBs seroconversion rate: This refers to the proportion of individuals who develop detectable hepatitis B surface antibodies among those vaccinated. It is an important indicator for evaluating population-level immunization effectiveness. A higher seroconversion rate indicates better overall vaccine-induced immunity within the population.

5. Negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): A negative HBsAg result indicates no current hepatitis B virus infection. When combined with a positive HBsAb, it confirms that immunity results from vaccination rather than prior infection, serving as a key supplementary indicator for confirming successful vaccine-induced immunity.

Serological testing should be performed 1–2 months after completing the vaccination series to assess antibody status. Individuals with insufficient titers should receive additional doses promptly; high-risk individuals should ensure their titers reach at least 100 mIU/mL. Regular monitoring of antibody levels is recommended, and booster vaccinations should be administered when antibody levels decline over time to maintain long-term protection.

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