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What causes leukemia?

Dec 12, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Feng
Introduction
Leukemia is primarily caused by genetic factors, exposure to environmental pollutants, viral infections, immune system deficiencies, and effects of chemical medications. If symptoms such as persistent fever, tendency to bleed, or anemia occur, prompt medical evaluation at a正规 hospital is necessary. Some types of leukemia show familial inheritance patterns, and chromosomal abnormalities or gene mutations may increase the risk of developing the disease.

Leukemia is primarily caused by genetic factors, exposure to environmental pollutants, viral infections, immune system deficiencies, and the effects of certain chemical medications. If symptoms such as persistent fever, tendency to bleed, or anemia occur, prompt medical evaluation at a正规 hospital is necessary.

1. Genetic factors: Some types of leukemia show familial inheritance tendencies. Chromosomal abnormalities or gene mutations may increase the risk of developing the disease, particularly in individuals with relatives who have leukemia.

2. Exposure to environmental pollutants: Long-term contact with harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde and benzene, or frequent exposure to radioactive substances, can damage hematopoietic stem cells and trigger leukemia.

3. Viral infections: Certain viral infections may disrupt the normal function of the hematopoietic system. For example, human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is closely associated with the development of specific types of leukemia.

4. Immune system deficiency: Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency impairs the body's ability to eliminate abnormal cells effectively, allowing leukemia cells to proliferate and spread, thereby increasing disease risk.

5. Effects of chemical medications: Long-term use of anticancer drugs, immunosuppressants, and similar agents may exert toxic effects on the hematopoietic system, potentially leading to secondary leukemia.

Treatment mainly involves chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Care during treatment should emphasize balanced nutrition, adequate rest, prevention of infection and injury, and attention to the patient's psychological well-being to support recovery.

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