What is hematocrit?

May 13, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Li Man

Introduction

Hematocrit (HCT) refers to the volume percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in whole blood after centrifugation—a simple, indirect measure reflecting both RBC count and size. It is expressed as a percentage. Typically, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit decline in parallel. A decreased hematocrit is observed in patients with various types of anemia. A diagnosis of anemia can be established when both hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are reduced.

In daily life, when we undergo a blood test at the hospital to check red blood cells, we may hear the term “hematocrit,” yet remain unclear about its meaning. So, what exactly is hematocrit?

What Is Hematocrit?

Hematocrit (HCT), also known as packed cell volume (PCV), refers to the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells after centrifugation. It serves as a simple, indirect indicator of both red blood cell count and size (volume), expressed as a percentage. Typically, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit levels decline in parallel.

A decreased hematocrit is observed in various types of anemia. If a low hematocrit is detected, attention should be paid to the hemoglobin level; anemia is diagnosed based on hemoglobin concentration. To further evaluate other red blood cell indices, the most important parameter is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV). A significantly elevated MCV indicates macrocytic anemia, commonly seen in conditions such as myelodysplastic syndromes and megaloblastic anemia. Conversely, a reduced MCV suggests microcytic anemia, frequently associated with iron-deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, or thalassemia. While a diagnosis of anemia can be established based on both reduced hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, MCV helps further differentiate the specific type of anemia.

Additionally, if symptoms arise, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation promptly and follow your physician’s recommendations for appropriate management. We hope this explanation has been helpful!

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