Why does infertility occur?

The main causes of infertility include male and female factors, analyzed in detail as follows: 1. Male factors: 1. Abnormal sperm production or function, mainly caused by genetic factors, health conditions, infections, undescended testes, etc. 2. Sperm transport problems due to sexual disorders, such as genetic diseases, obstructed testicular ducts, or genital organ injuries. 3. Infertility resulting from cancer treatments or other therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. 2. Female factors: 1. Ovulatory disorders. These primarily affect ovarian function. Conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can disrupt the menstrual cycle, leading to infertility. 2. Uterine abnormalities, such as uterine polyps, abnormal uterine shape, or cervical anomalies. 3. Damaged or blocked fallopian tubes, primarily caused by salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sexually transmitted infections.